National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Comparison of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages (50 States and the District of Columbia)

150806

Table 1 – Marijuana Use in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	10.88^a	13.36	0.000	13.37	12.86	0.109	29.31^a	32.07	0.000	7.38^a	10.25	0.000	10.61^a	13.41	0.000
Northeast	11.95^a	14.66	0.000	14.22	13.51	0.240	34.64^b	36.45	0.063	7.84^a	11.22	0.000	11.71^a	14.77	0.000
Midwest	10.36^a	12.76	0.000	12.84	12.33	0.265	28.53^a	32.20	0.000	6.90^a	9.51	0.000	10.08^a	12.80	0.000
South	9.59^a	11.64	0.000	12.06	11.88	0.697	25.38^a	29.20	0.000	6.62^a	8.67	0.000	9.32^a	11.62	0.000
West	12.55^a	15.62	0.000	15.26	14.43	0.215	31.83	33.19	0.173	8.69^a	12.71	0.000	12.25^a	15.75	0.000
Alabama	8.49	9.60	0.141	10.11	9.71	0.762	22.60^b	26.13	0.094	5.89	6.81	0.252	8.31	9.59	0.108
Alaska	16.25^a	21.92	0.000	15.89	18.44	0.182	35.51^b	40.69	0.056	12.67^a	18.76	0.000	16.29^a	22.31	0.000
Arizona	10.89^a	13.12	0.019	14.28	13.45	0.624	29.42	31.15	0.498	7.29^a	9.97	0.012	10.50^a	13.08	0.011
Arkansas	10.78	11.59	0.361	12.33	12.14	0.900	27.59	27.06	0.824	7.85	8.93	0.265	10.61	11.54	0.330
California	12.91^a	15.25	0.000	15.12	14.11	0.326	32.15	32.72	0.698	8.91^a	12.25	0.000	12.65^a	15.36	0.000
Colorado	15.12^a	23.09	0.000	18.55	18.35	0.921	38.59^a	45.24	0.015	10.79^a	19.91	0.000	14.76^a	23.57	0.000
Connecticut	12.56^a	15.67	0.003	15.91	15.63	0.878	37.10^b	42.10	0.071	8.25^a	11.41	0.006	12.20^a	15.68	0.002
Delaware	11.82	13.06	0.194	15.53	13.04	0.130	35.92	37.32	0.589	7.35^b	9.17	0.084	11.43	13.06	0.108
District of Columbia	14.34^a	23.51	0.000	14.59	16.55	0.302	33.16^a	43.78	0.000	10.11^a	19.71	0.000	14.33^a	23.90	0.000
Florida	10.12^a	12.59	0.000	12.94	13.49	0.599	26.58^a	32.88	0.000	7.38^a	9.57	0.003	9.85^a	12.51	0.000
Georgia	11.03^b	12.67	0.075	12.69	11.68	0.464	26.60	29.38	0.210	8.15^b	9.87	0.095	10.84^b	12.79	0.051
Hawaii	12.06	12.72	0.567	14.45	13.77	0.718	31.14	27.21	0.144	8.74	10.37	0.210	11.82	12.62	0.516
Idaho	10.66	11.40	0.398	13.44	13.31	0.938	28.30	25.66	0.251	7.15	8.68	0.110	10.32	11.17	0.368
Illinois	10.54^a	12.47	0.001	13.33^b	11.53	0.085	27.95^a	31.96	0.010	7.01^a	9.33	0.001	10.22^a	12.56	0.000
Indiana	10.28^a	13.88	0.000	12.90	13.83	0.558	27.22^a	33.55	0.009	7.08^a	10.40	0.001	9.99^a	13.89	0.000
Iowa	7.68^b	9.05	0.068	11.72	9.46	0.118	20.54^a	27.32	0.003	4.90	5.73	0.278	7.25^a	9.01	0.027
Kansas	9.39^a	12.38	0.000	12.12	12.45	0.821	25.63	29.27	0.124	6.00^a	9.27	0.000	9.09^a	12.37	0.000
Kentucky	8.83^a	12.28	0.000	10.91	11.68	0.601	24.66^b	28.68	0.086	6.10^a	9.62	0.000	8.61^a	12.34	0.000
Louisiana	8.52^a	11.22	0.001	9.76	10.04	0.834	23.23^b	27.56	0.052	5.51^a	8.50	0.001	8.37^a	11.35	0.001
Maine	13.55^a	19.69	0.000	14.20^b	17.51	0.068	39.68	41.80	0.441	9.85^a	16.91	0.000	13.49^a	19.88	0.000
Maryland	10.69^a	15.13	0.000	13.73	14.45	0.671	30.32^a	39.01	0.002	6.98^a	11.41	0.000	10.36^a	15.20	0.000
Massachusetts	14.57^a	18.26	0.001	16.44	15.91	0.768	40.19	42.21	0.465	9.81^a	14.33	0.000	14.39^a	18.47	0.001
Michigan	12.20^a	15.10	0.000	14.21	14.04	0.879	32.33	33.41	0.499	8.51^a	12.08	0.000	11.97^a	15.21	0.000
Minnesota	10.37^a	12.69	0.011	11.29	11.43	0.925	29.92^a	35.56	0.024	6.92^a	9.17	0.025	10.27^a	12.82	0.009
Mississippi	7.88	8.67	0.282	9.92	9.54	0.777	20.36	21.69	0.522	5.30	6.19	0.254	7.64	8.57	0.231
Missouri	9.73^a	13.53	0.000	11.54	12.94	0.344	27.19^a	32.67	0.024	6.62^a	10.39	0.000	9.53^a	13.59	0.000
Montana	12.23^a	15.38	0.003	15.50	14.62	0.608	34.96	33.33	0.522	8.04^a	12.49	0.000	11.90^a	15.45	0.002
Nebraska	9.25^b	10.75	0.061	10.87	10.24	0.652	24.63^a	30.47	0.014	6.12	7.28	0.173	9.07^a	10.81	0.041
Nevada	11.09^b	12.95	0.069	16.45^b	13.50	0.086	28.98	30.46	0.562	7.74^a	10.19	0.035	10.49^a	12.89	0.029
New Hampshire	14.87^a	17.35	0.044	16.56	16.41	0.935	41.83	41.98	0.957	10.55^a	13.57	0.031	14.69^a	17.44	0.037
New Jersey	9.19^a	11.86	0.001	11.63	12.41	0.582	30.00	32.75	0.234	5.67^a	8.66	0.001	8.93^a	11.81	0.001
New Mexico	10.95^a	14.72	0.000	16.83	15.15	0.353	29.23	31.08	0.470	6.82^a	11.87	0.000	10.30^a	14.67	0.000
New York	12.82^a	15.04	0.001	14.87	13.17	0.111	36.36	35.95	0.801	8.34^a	11.68	0.000	12.61^a	15.21	0.000
North Carolina	10.46	11.79	0.102	13.41	11.44	0.159	28.35	31.25	0.199	7.20	8.61	0.114	10.14^b	11.82	0.054
North Dakota	8.29^a	9.90	0.036	9.42	11.79	0.104	23.06	26.65	0.117	4.85	5.90	0.173	8.18^b	9.72	0.056
Ohio	10.08^a	12.13	0.000	12.97^b	11.35	0.095	29.54	32.04	0.115	6.52^a	9.00	0.000	9.77^a	12.21	0.000
Oklahoma	10.19	11.28	0.230	12.69	11.74	0.558	25.06	27.59	0.304	7.16	8.32	0.238	9.91	11.23	0.172
Oregon	14.41^a	19.42	0.000	18.34	17.56	0.676	37.33	39.83	0.339	10.40^a	16.47	0.000	14.01^a	19.59	0.000
Pennsylvania	10.04^a	12.35	0.000	12.87	11.88	0.354	28.78^a	32.36	0.028	6.62^a	9.21	0.000	9.75^a	12.40	0.000
Rhode Island	14.34^a	18.81	0.000	16.31	16.28	0.984	39.48	43.84	0.156	9.39^a	14.44	0.000	14.14^a	19.04	0.000
South Carolina	9.36^a	12.56	0.000	11.75	12.02	0.850	25.58^a	31.90	0.009	6.40^a	9.43	0.002	9.10^a	12.61	0.000
South Dakota	8.96^a	10.77	0.025	12.05	10.86	0.428	25.67	27.84	0.343	5.55^a	7.76	0.010	8.62^a	10.76	0.011
Tennessee	9.61^b	11.05	0.094	10.52	11.21	0.617	26.28	26.95	0.766	6.95	8.41	0.121	9.52^b	11.03	0.096
Texas	8.31^a	10.10	0.000	11.24	11.70	0.620	22.03^a	25.21	0.020	5.29^a	7.07	0.001	7.95^a	9.90	0.000
Utah	7.18^a	9.07	0.012	9.73	9.00	0.577	17.70^b	21.44	0.087	4.13^a	6.25	0.007	6.83^a	9.09	0.006
Vermont	15.95^a	20.50	0.000	16.67	17.04	0.838	45.25	48.30	0.301	11.09^a	16.00	0.001	15.88^a	20.80	0.000
Virginia	9.75^a	11.54	0.024	13.80^b	11.42	0.090	27.03	30.07	0.179	6.32^a	8.46	0.014	9.33^a	11.55	0.009
Washington	12.81^a	17.49	0.000	15.24	15.61	0.831	34.11	35.03	0.714	9.08^a	14.90	0.000	12.55^a	17.68	0.000
West Virginia	9.60^b	11.07	0.096	12.05	12.15	0.948	26.63	30.27	0.144	6.88	8.09	0.198	9.37^b	10.97	0.085
Wisconsin	10.65	12.05	0.110	13.71	14.04	0.838	31.13	32.24	0.664	6.82^b	8.47	0.085	10.33	11.85	0.101
Wyoming	9.88	10.87	0.256	14.19	13.30	0.604	27.24	27.41	0.949	6.27	7.77	0.110	9.43	10.62	0.191

150806

Table 2 – Marijuana Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	6.40^a	8.34	0.000	7.03	7.20	0.493	17.42^a	19.70	0.000	4.42^a	6.55	0.000	6.33^a	8.45	0.000
Northeast	7.14^a	9.28	0.000	7.94	7.73	0.652	21.45	22.64	0.148	4.63^a	7.27	0.000	7.06^a	9.43	0.000
Midwest	6.07^a	7.92	0.000	7.03	6.80	0.505	16.57^a	19.29	0.000	4.14^a	6.12	0.000	5.97^a	8.03	0.000
South	5.47^a	7.02	0.000	6.06	6.49	0.179	15.21^a	17.79	0.000	3.76^a	5.28	0.000	5.41^a	7.08	0.000
West	7.57^a	10.08	0.000	7.86	8.31	0.371	18.43^a	20.85	0.004	5.56^a	8.42	0.000	7.54^a	10.26	0.000
Alabama	5.04	5.35	0.563	5.70	5.16	0.561	14.49	14.33	0.925	3.35	3.86	0.373	4.97	5.37	0.482
Alaska	11.52^a	14.38	0.016	9.14	10.64	0.322	25.16	25.02	0.957	9.30^a	12.83	0.016	11.81^a	14.80	0.022
Arizona	6.70^a	8.51	0.024	7.28	7.71	0.707	17.08	18.92	0.374	4.86^a	6.81	0.033	6.63^a	8.59	0.024
Arkansas	6.11	7.17	0.114	6.73	6.46	0.794	16.16	16.93	0.685	4.40^b	5.62	0.097	6.04^b	7.25	0.095
California	7.67^a	9.67	0.000	7.70	8.32	0.419	18.67	20.52	0.128	5.57^a	7.90	0.000	7.67^a	9.82	0.000
Colorado	9.77^a	16.57	0.000	10.17	11.13	0.528	24.18^a	31.75	0.003	7.31^a	14.65	0.000	9.72^a	17.12	0.000
Connecticut	7.26^a	9.59	0.004	8.35	8.34	0.995	22.56	24.99	0.325	4.70^a	7.25	0.006	7.14^a	9.72	0.004
Delaware	6.97	8.05	0.144	7.54	7.42	0.913	22.67	21.19	0.511	4.29^a	6.01	0.035	6.91	8.11	0.128
District of Columbia	8.46^a	11.93	0.000	7.50	8.85	0.332	19.59^a	26.19	0.007	6.07^a	9.14	0.007	8.54^a	12.10	0.001
Florida	5.80^a	7.78	0.000	6.31	6.78	0.515	15.21^a	20.74	0.000	4.35^a	6.01	0.003	5.75^a	7.87	0.000
Georgia	6.06^a	7.79	0.007	5.50	6.92	0.137	15.87	18.59	0.121	4.46^a	6.00	0.032	6.12^a	7.89	0.011
Hawaii	8.46	7.95	0.587	7.72	6.15	0.198	19.15	16.09	0.163	6.84	6.88	0.971	8.54	8.11	0.678
Idaho	5.89	6.34	0.474	7.50	6.51	0.351	14.13	13.69	0.801	4.21	5.06	0.229	5.69	6.32	0.357
Illinois	5.91^a	7.91	0.000	7.29	6.55	0.330	16.23^a	19.63	0.009	3.86^a	6.13	0.000	5.76^a	8.06	0.000
Indiana	6.08^a	8.72	0.000	7.24	8.08	0.466	16.48^a	20.71	0.038	4.17^a	6.67	0.002	5.95^a	8.79	0.000
Iowa	4.48	4.78	0.577	6.88	5.30	0.132	11.62	12.67	0.532	2.92	3.30	0.483	4.23	4.72	0.378
Kansas	5.02^a	7.28	0.000	5.97	6.43	0.654	13.04	15.73	0.128	3.40^a	5.85	0.001	4.91^a	7.38	0.000
Kentucky	4.81^a	7.06	0.000	5.27	6.36	0.269	14.25	16.72	0.174	3.27^a	5.54	0.001	4.76^a	7.13	0.000
Louisiana	5.14^b	6.32	0.051	4.82	5.33	0.578	15.19	16.22	0.571	3.26^a	4.71	0.027	5.18^b	6.43	0.054
Maine	9.81^a	13.66	0.001	8.43	10.01	0.259	26.13	29.72	0.159	7.69^a	11.84	0.001	9.94^a	13.98	0.001
Maryland	5.66^a	9.62	0.000	7.01^b	9.20	0.089	17.03^a	24.87	0.001	3.56^a	7.24	0.000	5.51^a	9.66	0.000
Massachusetts	8.74^a	11.68	0.001	9.09	9.22	0.915	24.84	27.39	0.302	5.84^a	9.21	0.001	8.70^a	11.91	0.001
Michigan	7.52^a	10.08	0.000	7.88	8.06	0.827	18.99^a	22.78	0.004	5.52^a	8.14	0.000	7.48^a	10.29	0.000
Minnesota	5.98^a	7.60	0.023	5.58	6.21	0.526	17.10	19.30	0.268	4.13^a	5.88	0.028	6.02^a	7.74	0.024
Mississippi	4.54	5.35	0.149	5.02	5.29	0.766	11.72	13.91	0.191	3.15	3.81	0.275	4.48	5.36	0.148
Missouri	5.94^a	8.02	0.004	5.74	6.56	0.422	16.91	19.46	0.203	4.15^a	6.28	0.008	5.96^a	8.17	0.005
Montana	8.12^a	11.09	0.002	8.78	8.71	0.951	21.99	22.88	0.676	5.72^a	9.41	0.001	8.05^a	11.32	0.001
Nebraska	5.36	6.29	0.129	6.09	5.26	0.400	14.70	16.83	0.266	3.50	4.53	0.115	5.28^b	6.40	0.088
Nevada	7.00	7.81	0.324	8.96	7.39	0.192	18.34	17.05	0.534	5.06	6.43	0.139	6.78	7.85	0.224
New Hampshire	9.62^a	12.06	0.018	9.66	9.44	0.873	27.28	29.12	0.471	6.91^a	9.65	0.019	9.61^a	12.31	0.015
New Jersey	5.04^a	7.01	0.001	6.16	6.81	0.511	17.42	18.96	0.409	2.99^a	5.23	0.001	4.92^a	7.03	0.001
New Mexico	6.54^a	10.14	0.000	9.25	8.53	0.599	15.74^a	20.61	0.022	4.49^a	8.55	0.000	6.24^a	10.31	0.000
New York	7.73^a	9.56	0.000	8.50	7.55	0.234	23.09	22.69	0.773	4.87^a	7.54	0.000	7.65^a	9.75	0.000
North Carolina	6.30	7.29	0.129	7.19	5.97	0.198	16.85	19.04	0.230	4.49	5.51	0.164	6.21^b	7.43	0.082
North Dakota	4.67^a	5.95	0.032	5.06	6.21	0.248	10.65^a	14.77	0.012	3.30	3.93	0.312	4.64^a	5.92	0.042
Ohio	5.96^a	7.65	0.000	7.63^a	6.05	0.037	17.26^b	19.55	0.080	3.89^a	5.91	0.000	5.77^a	7.82	0.000
Oklahoma	5.60	6.24	0.348	6.23	5.42	0.428	14.18	14.87	0.719	3.96	4.82	0.257	5.53	6.33	0.275
Oregon	9.29^a	12.73	0.001	8.66	9.42	0.561	23.87	26.29	0.280	7.11^a	10.99	0.001	9.36^a	13.04	0.001
Pennsylvania	5.81^a	7.73	0.000	7.19	6.98	0.786	17.08	18.97	0.156	3.80^a	6.02	0.000	5.67^a	7.80	0.000
Rhode Island	10.04^a	13.02	0.006	9.09	10.19	0.439	27.14	28.89	0.530	6.94^a	10.39	0.005	10.13^a	13.28	0.007
South Carolina	5.91^a	8.11	0.001	5.55	6.57	0.292	16.88^a	21.07	0.037	4.16^a	6.16	0.011	5.95^a	8.27	0.002
South Dakota	5.14^a	6.93	0.006	6.61	6.43	0.866	13.55^b	17.05	0.057	3.44^a	5.22	0.015	4.98^a	6.99	0.004
Tennessee	5.42	6.34	0.125	5.19	5.90	0.440	16.64	15.95	0.704	3.72	4.81	0.102	5.44	6.38	0.144
Texas	4.74^a	6.10	0.000	6.11	6.86	0.286	13.45	15.08	0.136	2.91^a	4.32	0.001	4.58^a	6.00	0.000
Utah	3.60^a	5.04	0.006	4.78	4.54	0.786	8.21^b	11.07	0.060	2.27^a	3.75	0.010	3.44^a	5.11	0.003
Vermont	10.85^a	14.74	0.001	9.73	10.86	0.446	30.56	34.95	0.103	7.75^a	11.61	0.004	10.96^a	15.08	0.001
Virginia	5.33^a	6.63	0.027	6.33	5.44	0.353	15.70	17.82	0.235	3.45^a	4.90	0.024	5.23^a	6.74	0.015
Washington	7.21^a	11.22	0.000	7.74	9.17	0.264	17.19^a	21.87	0.024	5.53^a	9.74	0.000	7.15^a	11.42	0.000
West Virginia	5.50^a	6.92	0.029	5.74	6.05	0.746	17.46	18.89	0.483	3.74^a	5.22	0.037	5.47^a	7.00	0.028
Wisconsin	6.19	6.89	0.291	7.20	7.60	0.736	17.49	17.52	0.986	4.16	5.05	0.220	6.09	6.82	0.296
Wyoming	5.42	6.32	0.151	7.55	6.59	0.392	15.50	15.64	0.943	3.37^b	4.71	0.054	5.19	6.30	0.102

150806

Table 3 – First Use of Marijuana, by Age Group and State: Average Annual Incidence Estimates (Expressed as Percentages of the At-Risk Population) and P Values from Tests of Differences between Rates, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Average annual initiation of marijuana (%) = 100 × {[X₁ ÷ (0.5 × X₁ + X₂)] ÷ 2}, where X₁ is the number of marijuana initiates in the past 24 months and X₂ is the number of individuals who never used marijuana (with the at-risk population defined as 0.5 × X₁ + X₂). Both of the computation components, X₁ and X₂, are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach. The age group shown is based on a respondent's age at the time of the interview, not his or her age at first use. For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	1.75^a	1.95	0.000	5.74^a	5.41	0.050	7.09^a	7.88	0.005	0.13^a	0.31	0.000	1.07^a	1.36	0.000
Northeast	1.80^a	2.04	0.005	5.92	5.55	0.183	7.96	8.67	0.141	0.13^a	0.34	0.000	1.12^a	1.47	0.000
Midwest	1.79^a	1.96	0.014	5.57^a	5.12	0.038	7.41^b	8.14	0.059	0.12^a	0.29	0.000	1.12^a	1.39	0.000
South	1.56^a	1.75	0.002	5.22	5.13	0.631	6.34^a	7.12	0.021	0.12^a	0.26	0.000	0.95^a	1.20	0.000
West	2.00^a	2.21	0.033	6.57^b	6.02	0.086	7.38^b	8.32	0.053	0.14^a	0.41	0.000	1.18^a	1.54	0.000
Alabama	1.38	1.49	0.454	4.47	4.36	0.870	5.53	6.39	0.305	0.12^b	0.20	0.059	0.87	1.05	0.185
Alaska	2.30^a	3.54	0.000	6.35	7.52	0.207	7.33^a	10.69	0.012	0.17^a	0.74	0.000	1.34^a	2.52	0.000
Arizona	1.72^a	2.15	0.030	6.10	6.09	0.992	6.58^b	8.36	0.099	0.12^a	0.35	0.000	0.95^a	1.44	0.002
Arkansas	1.56^b	1.84	0.096	5.15	5.37	0.746	6.99	7.08	0.925	0.12^a	0.26	0.005	0.95^b	1.23	0.052
California	2.06	2.16	0.440	6.66	5.89	0.107	7.39	8.17	0.264	0.14^a	0.42	0.000	1.23^a	1.53	0.014
Colorado	2.45^a	3.18	0.011	8.11	8.16	0.961	9.23^b	12.05	0.064	0.17^a	0.53	0.000	1.38^a	2.13	0.002
Connecticut	2.14	2.42	0.235	7.09	6.61	0.577	8.98	9.80	0.535	0.14^a	0.37	0.000	1.23^a	1.63	0.033
Delaware	2.13	1.83	0.139	6.67^b	5.29	0.082	9.55	7.73	0.135	0.14^a	0.29	0.006	1.32	1.26	0.735
District of Columbia	2.33^a	3.60	0.000	7.25	8.26	0.332	8.38^a	12.98	0.003	0.24^a	0.78	0.000	1.68^a	2.99	0.000
Florida	1.39^a	1.67	0.008	5.35	5.57	0.610	6.22^b	7.39	0.072	0.10^a	0.28	0.000	0.83^a	1.11	0.002
Georgia	1.87	1.94	0.684	5.46	5.17	0.664	6.90	7.58	0.469	0.17^a	0.28	0.042	1.17	1.34	0.268
Hawaii	1.71	2.04	0.150	6.42	6.31	0.912	7.57	6.99	0.635	0.11^a	0.59	0.001	1.01^a	1.42	0.047
Idaho	1.86	1.82	0.833	5.50	5.50	0.993	7.18	6.13	0.282	0.13^a	0.25	0.015	1.14	1.12	0.892
Illinois	1.74	1.81	0.532	5.65^a	4.59	0.017	6.85	7.97	0.115	0.12^a	0.29	0.000	1.07^a	1.33	0.023
Indiana	1.76^a	2.30	0.006	5.81	5.97	0.838	7.37	8.97	0.148	0.11^a	0.33	0.000	1.05^a	1.59	0.001
Iowa	1.55	1.66	0.510	5.34	4.31	0.129	5.97^a	7.90	0.049	0.10^a	0.21	0.010	0.95^a	1.25	0.048
Kansas	1.72	1.85	0.514	5.65	5.01	0.373	6.85	7.28	0.676	0.10^a	0.26	0.001	1.06	1.29	0.141
Kentucky	1.48	1.63	0.352	5.46	4.62	0.211	6.09	6.48	0.664	0.14^b	0.23	0.055	0.86^a	1.12	0.045
Louisiana	1.33^a	1.74	0.010	3.89	4.46	0.344	5.53^a	7.80	0.018	0.12^a	0.24	0.011	0.91^a	1.29	0.009
Maine	1.73^a	2.50	0.000	5.43^a	7.45	0.012	8.97	10.31	0.336	0.14^a	0.42	0.000	1.09^a	1.61	0.005
Maryland	1.81^a	2.33	0.016	5.61	6.12	0.508	8.20	9.86	0.204	0.12^a	0.38	0.000	1.17^a	1.62	0.017
Massachusetts	2.27	2.56	0.233	7.13	6.82	0.715	9.69	10.16	0.741	0.16^a	0.43	0.000	1.42^b	1.83	0.060
Michigan	2.10	2.23	0.375	5.97	5.79	0.699	8.72	8.17	0.497	0.13^a	0.35	0.000	1.33	1.54	0.129
Minnesota	1.77	1.84	0.699	4.85	4.39	0.464	7.89	8.36	0.681	0.12^a	0.29	0.001	1.20	1.37	0.314
Mississippi	1.34	1.48	0.355	4.09	4.41	0.600	5.22	5.92	0.385	0.11^b	0.18	0.096	0.88	1.02	0.294
Missouri	1.64^a	2.08	0.017	5.11	5.62	0.468	7.12^b	9.06	0.083	0.12^a	0.28	0.001	1.02^a	1.46	0.006
Montana	2.04	2.30	0.234	6.67	6.19	0.549	9.79	8.67	0.383	0.13^a	0.38	0.000	1.25^b	1.58	0.084
Nebraska	1.54	1.52	0.891	4.48^b	3.51	0.099	6.32	7.13	0.419	0.10^a	0.22	0.008	1.05	1.19	0.400
Nevada	1.85^a	2.26	0.047	7.16	6.28	0.322	6.55^a	9.85	0.005	0.15^a	0.39	0.000	0.91^a	1.56	0.000
New Hampshire	2.25^a	2.84	0.022	6.29	6.82	0.514	10.53	10.88	0.820	0.15^a	0.47	0.000	1.44^a	2.00	0.015
New Jersey	1.50	1.74	0.133	4.89	4.99	0.884	7.69	7.83	0.890	0.10^a	0.30	0.000	0.96^b	1.22	0.062
New Mexico	2.06	2.01	0.801	7.84	6.71	0.236	8.01	6.90	0.334	0.12^a	0.36	0.001	1.09	1.21	0.456
New York	1.81	2.02	0.113	6.05	5.43	0.184	7.38	8.63	0.104	0.13^a	0.36	0.000	1.12^a	1.50	0.002
North Carolina	1.69	1.88	0.246	6.24	5.35	0.191	6.67	7.81	0.239	0.13^a	0.27	0.007	0.96^a	1.28	0.020
North Dakota	1.56	1.83	0.143	4.28	4.91	0.332	6.59	6.68	0.934	0.08^a	0.26	0.000	1.15	1.38	0.187
Ohio	1.78	1.86	0.510	5.59	4.90	0.132	7.47	7.92	0.550	0.13^a	0.27	0.002	1.10^b	1.31	0.060
Oklahoma	1.47^b	1.80	0.062	4.87	5.62	0.316	5.77	6.03	0.769	0.11^a	0.27	0.001	0.91	1.14	0.108
Oregon	2.42	2.48	0.825	7.87	6.85	0.263	9.63	9.74	0.935	0.19^a	0.45	0.004	1.39	1.69	0.160
Pennsylvania	1.61	1.76	0.222	5.37	4.74	0.175	7.47	7.65	0.820	0.10^a	0.29	0.000	1.01^a	1.28	0.023
Rhode Island	2.27	2.50	0.371	7.20	6.71	0.596	9.16	10.32	0.436	0.16^a	0.39	0.001	1.40^b	1.78	0.082
South Carolina	1.46^a	1.91	0.008	4.77	5.82	0.128	6.41	8.06	0.109	0.12^a	0.26	0.002	0.93^a	1.28	0.015
South Dakota	1.59	1.66	0.684	5.17	4.45	0.282	6.70	7.17	0.625	0.09^a	0.24	0.001	1.01	1.20	0.181
Tennessee	1.26^a	1.55	0.047	4.11	4.46	0.553	6.00	6.71	0.426	0.12^a	0.22	0.024	0.81^a	1.09	0.029
Texas	1.59	1.65	0.575	5.20	4.87	0.439	5.86	6.08	0.711	0.11^a	0.23	0.004	0.95	1.08	0.178
Utah	1.29	1.38	0.588	3.94	3.05	0.115	3.64^b	4.93	0.092	0.10	0.18	0.183	0.82	1.05	0.129
Vermont	2.47	2.86	0.177	7.37	6.97	0.653	11.93	13.02	0.548	0.15^a	0.45	0.001	1.56^a	2.10	0.034
Virginia	1.90	1.90	0.983	5.98	5.03	0.150	7.59	8.10	0.607	0.13^a	0.29	0.002	1.20	1.38	0.252
Washington	1.94^b	2.30	0.096	5.68	5.96	0.723	8.53	9.00	0.697	0.16^a	0.41	0.000	1.24^a	1.63	0.036
West Virginia	1.27^a	1.71	0.004	5.33	5.66	0.643	5.76^a	7.97	0.025	0.12^a	0.23	0.015	0.72^a	1.13	0.001
Wisconsin	1.92	2.12	0.322	6.16	6.05	0.890	8.39	8.24	0.899	0.12^a	0.31	0.000	1.17	1.43	0.123
Wyoming	1.92	1.81	0.577	6.47	5.33	0.135	7.70	7.22	0.662	0.11^a	0.26	0.001	1.15	1.21	0.685

150806

Table 4 – Cocaine Use in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	2.01^a	1.76	0.001	1.11^a	0.64	0.000	5.46^a	4.98	0.040	1.53^a	1.35	0.044	2.11^a	1.88	0.006
Northeast	2.38	2.18	0.167	1.11^a	0.66	0.000	6.68	6.06	0.154	1.81	1.71	0.548	2.52	2.32	0.234
Midwest	1.82^a	1.43	0.000	1.06^a	0.54	0.000	5.12^a	4.22	0.004	1.34^a	1.07	0.027	1.90^a	1.53	0.001
South	1.81^a	1.56	0.012	0.98^a	0.57	0.000	4.64	4.32	0.238	1.44^b	1.22	0.066	1.90^a	1.67	0.031
West	2.21	2.05	0.292	1.35^a	0.85	0.004	6.08	5.88	0.647	1.62	1.53	0.598	2.31	2.18	0.431
Alabama	1.38	1.22	0.557	0.76^b	0.41	0.051	3.44	3.20	0.752	1.11	0.99	0.686	1.45	1.31	0.636
Alaska	2.99^a	2.00	0.037	1.45^a	0.65	0.006	7.38^a	4.79	0.030	2.39	1.64	0.170	3.18^b	2.15	0.052
Arizona	2.33	2.29	0.903	1.38^b	0.85	0.066	6.91	6.92	0.994	1.68	1.67	0.975	2.44	2.44	0.999
Arkansas	1.43	1.07	0.131	0.89^a	0.48	0.035	3.52	2.89	0.383	1.16	0.84	0.228	1.49	1.13	0.179
California	2.12	2.16	0.863	1.39^b	0.94	0.072	5.57	5.91	0.614	1.56	1.63	0.769	2.20	2.28	0.748
Colorado	3.28	2.75	0.271	1.37	0.98	0.230	8.94	8.62	0.827	2.56	1.97	0.247	3.47	2.93	0.302
Connecticut	2.05	2.43	0.333	1.26^a	0.67	0.018	6.25	7.60	0.292	1.49	1.80	0.465	2.14	2.60	0.276
Delaware	2.36	2.21	0.709	0.91^b	0.56	0.074	6.40	6.36	0.970	1.87	1.73	0.761	2.52	2.37	0.744
District of Columbia	3.76	3.19	0.415	0.43	0.34	0.481	5.14	5.60	0.668	3.76	2.88	0.289	4.01	3.35	0.378
Florida	1.80	1.90	0.658	1.05^a	0.65	0.022	4.70^b	5.91	0.070	1.46	1.45	0.983	1.88	2.02	0.569
Georgia	1.51	1.72	0.480	0.81^b	0.51	0.084	3.93	3.85	0.919	1.20	1.51	0.377	1.60	1.86	0.432
Hawaii	1.76	1.89	0.730	1.25	0.76	0.191	4.39	5.21	0.450	1.40	1.50	0.809	1.81	1.99	0.655
Idaho	1.31	1.04	0.202	1.24^a	0.57	0.008	4.52	3.59	0.281	0.75	0.67	0.680	1.31	1.09	0.349
Illinois	1.91	1.80	0.660	0.99^a	0.60	0.026	4.64	4.81	0.806	1.53	1.45	0.752	2.01	1.93	0.756
Indiana	1.66	1.24	0.104	1.09^a	0.51	0.009	4.97	3.91	0.257	1.18	0.86	0.230	1.72	1.32	0.159
Iowa	1.11	1.06	0.797	1.11^a	0.47	0.006	3.64	3.63	0.984	0.66	0.67	0.976	1.11	1.12	0.973
Kansas	1.52	1.18	0.149	1.11^a	0.61	0.042	4.97	3.59	0.132	0.94	0.82	0.610	1.57	1.24	0.216
Kentucky	1.36	1.59	0.389	1.02^a	0.56	0.039	4.37	4.74	0.697	0.93	1.19	0.364	1.40	1.69	0.310
Louisiana	2.34	1.74	0.122	0.84^a	0.44	0.031	4.77	3.61	0.188	2.08	1.57	0.269	2.51	1.88	0.143
Maine	2.30	1.79	0.115	1.13^a	0.65	0.040	7.67	6.41	0.326	1.69	1.27	0.226	2.42	1.88	0.140
Maryland	1.57	1.51	0.853	0.87^a	0.46	0.027	4.03	3.66	0.667	1.24	1.28	0.902	1.64	1.61	0.932
Massachusetts	2.45	2.45	0.997	1.18^b	0.71	0.052	7.16	7.28	0.922	1.76	1.79	0.941	2.58	2.61	0.939
Michigan	2.00^a	1.24	0.000	1.05^a	0.44	0.001	5.74^a	3.56	0.001	1.49^a	0.94	0.020	2.11^a	1.33	0.001
Minnesota	1.77	1.52	0.391	1.12^a	0.57	0.016	5.14	4.85	0.781	1.27	1.10	0.553	1.84	1.62	0.492
Mississippi	1.36	1.00	0.159	0.63^b	0.36	0.072	3.15^a	1.83	0.030	1.14	0.94	0.510	1.45	1.08	0.188
Missouri	2.01^a	1.35	0.025	1.00^a	0.49	0.011	5.74	4.12	0.103	1.52^b	0.98	0.086	2.12^a	1.43	0.036
Montana	2.32^a	1.49	0.006	1.17^a	0.62	0.024	7.60^a	4.65	0.010	1.58^b	1.06	0.090	2.44^a	1.57	0.009
Nebraska	1.57	1.37	0.425	1.10^a	0.56	0.013	4.61	3.99	0.492	1.06	1.00	0.831	1.62	1.46	0.555
Nevada	2.34^a	1.46	0.006	1.50^a	0.72	0.007	6.72^a	4.16	0.015	1.79^b	1.14	0.052	2.43^a	1.54	0.011
New Hampshire	2.75	3.07	0.471	1.23	0.83	0.177	8.97	10.54	0.335	1.98	2.13	0.743	2.91	3.28	0.451
New Jersey	1.73	1.72	0.948	1.04^a	0.60	0.043	4.93	4.55	0.667	1.33	1.42	0.781	1.81	1.83	0.952
New Mexico	2.17	1.92	0.489	1.30	0.82	0.111	6.55	5.93	0.616	1.47	1.38	0.782	2.26	2.04	0.568
New York	2.66	2.54	0.650	1.09^b	0.73	0.063	7.31	6.29	0.192	2.02	2.10	0.811	2.83	2.71	0.691
North Carolina	2.10	1.80	0.343	0.93^a	0.53	0.032	4.90	5.12	0.809	1.79	1.40	0.269	2.22	1.93	0.403
North Dakota	1.22	1.18	0.855	1.05^a	0.56	0.039	3.78	3.45	0.684	0.68	0.74	0.764	1.24	1.24	0.993
Ohio	1.49	1.45	0.836	1.02^a	0.50	0.002	4.51	4.24	0.662	1.05	1.11	0.787	1.54	1.54	0.973
Oklahoma	1.50^b	1.11	0.092	1.14^a	0.50	0.007	4.70	3.58	0.211	0.97	0.75	0.337	1.54	1.17	0.156
Oregon	2.63	2.14	0.163	1.23^b	0.80	0.096	8.04	6.81	0.316	1.95	1.57	0.294	2.77	2.27	0.191
Pennsylvania	2.27^a	1.62	0.012	1.08^a	0.54	0.001	5.86	4.71	0.107	1.82^a	1.24	0.044	2.39^a	1.72	0.018
Rhode Island	3.89^a	2.52	0.009	1.28^a	0.74	0.037	9.39	7.64	0.260	3.17^a	1.77	0.013	4.15^a	2.68	0.011
South Carolina	2.75^a	1.63	0.005	0.83^b	0.50	0.061	4.97	4.42	0.555	2.62^a	1.30	0.004	2.95^a	1.74	0.006
South Dakota	1.17	1.02	0.462	0.95^a	0.49	0.040	3.91	3.15	0.328	0.71	0.71	0.989	1.20	1.08	0.595
Tennessee	1.57	1.52	0.851	0.93^a	0.54	0.050	4.31	4.22	0.918	1.23	1.19	0.902	1.64	1.62	0.948
Texas	1.89^a	1.41	0.013	1.16^a	0.70	0.019	5.09	4.19	0.141	1.40^b	1.00	0.063	1.98^a	1.50	0.024
Utah	1.43^a	0.87	0.020	1.16^a	0.40	0.006	4.14	2.73	0.115	0.80	0.53	0.202	1.47^a	0.94	0.049
Vermont	3.01	2.67	0.407	1.22	0.81	0.151	10.17	9.33	0.600	2.05	1.70	0.409	3.19	2.83	0.433
Virginia	1.75^a	1.24	0.049	1.02^a	0.46	0.003	4.95^b	3.50	0.072	1.30	0.95	0.223	1.83^b	1.31	0.077
Washington	2.08	1.84	0.465	1.20^a	0.67	0.032	6.24	5.39	0.432	1.51	1.40	0.745	2.17	1.95	0.548
West Virginia	2.51^a	1.54	0.005	1.05^a	0.59	0.038	7.65^b	5.32	0.058	1.93^a	1.07	0.017	2.65^a	1.63	0.007
Wisconsin	2.71^a	1.59	0.001	1.19^b	0.72	0.076	7.27^a	4.96	0.050	2.13^a	1.13	0.005	2.87^a	1.68	0.001
Wyoming	1.46	1.07	0.127	1.13^a	0.56	0.020	5.25	3.74	0.126	0.83	0.68	0.555	1.49	1.12	0.184

150806

Table 5 – Alcohol Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	51.74	52.18	0.237	14.79^a	10.58	0.000	61.45^a	58.96	0.000	54.80^a	56.04	0.007	55.78^b	56.46	0.093
Northeast	56.57	56.66	0.912	16.68^a	12.57	0.000	67.33^a	64.17	0.003	59.59	60.30	0.425	60.71	60.85	0.867
Midwest	54.26	54.36	0.875	15.24^a	10.30	0.000	65.07^a	61.88	0.001	57.42	58.48	0.171	58.55	58.97	0.556
South	47.74^b	48.85	0.079	13.75^a	9.74	0.000	57.62	56.16	0.121	50.43^a	52.42	0.007	51.47^a	52.95	0.033
West	51.78	52.07	0.708	14.56^a	10.76	0.000	59.40^a	56.92	0.026	55.40	56.30	0.322	56.01	56.39	0.651
Alabama	42.94	43.94	0.596	12.70^a	8.76	0.002	54.41	51.99	0.361	44.84	46.83	0.398	46.22	47.57	0.517
Alaska	54.52	54.98	0.801	14.22^b	11.04	0.089	60.50	62.57	0.448	59.37	59.45	0.971	59.54	59.95	0.839
Arizona	51.15	51.19	0.982	14.80^a	10.45	0.005	59.35	56.38	0.268	54.60	55.47	0.709	55.29	55.60	0.880
Arkansas	43.29	41.81	0.440	15.34^a	9.34	0.000	55.94^b	51.60	0.100	44.80	44.20	0.801	46.36	45.26	0.605
California	50.65	51.54	0.418	14.11^a	10.92	0.001	59.79^b	56.85	0.064	53.99	55.58	0.247	54.92	55.77	0.487
Colorado	62.22	59.22	0.103	20.22^a	12.55	0.000	69.51	67.56	0.435	66.11	63.39	0.228	66.60	63.99	0.194
Connecticut	59.32	60.33	0.608	18.56^a	13.61	0.010	67.86	67.18	0.800	63.08	64.76	0.481	63.73	65.09	0.523
Delaware	56.32	53.85	0.223	16.35^a	10.36	0.000	68.53^a	62.37	0.012	59.18	57.29	0.451	60.52	57.99	0.254
District of Columbia	61.55^a	69.07	0.000	15.63	13.18	0.205	71.82	74.21	0.342	63.53^a	71.86	0.000	65.04^a	72.27	0.000
Florida	51.41^a	54.83	0.005	15.30^a	10.72	0.000	56.91	58.85	0.236	54.58^a	58.76	0.005	54.88^a	58.77	0.004
Georgia	48.89	48.90	0.997	13.56^a	8.93	0.000	58.18	55.06	0.203	52.19	53.15	0.662	53.06	53.43	0.847
Hawaii	48.23	46.60	0.415	11.64	10.55	0.483	57.21	55.52	0.574	50.95	49.04	0.431	51.81	49.91	0.383
Idaho	45.71	44.54	0.526	12.91^b	10.25	0.071	52.50^b	47.50	0.058	49.19	48.93	0.911	49.68	48.72	0.638
Illinois	54.33	54.25	0.947	15.16^a	9.88	0.000	64.88^a	60.53	0.011	57.60	58.66	0.475	58.72	58.93	0.873
Indiana	48.06	50.44	0.210	14.41^a	10.06	0.002	57.94	59.71	0.511	50.82	54.01	0.174	51.85	54.87	0.147
Iowa	56.70	56.01	0.712	17.34^a	10.16	0.000	69.06	66.44	0.295	59.43	59.73	0.897	60.87	60.75	0.950
Kansas	53.92	52.55	0.480	15.93^a	10.45	0.000	66.34^a	59.33	0.008	56.66	56.88	0.929	58.18	57.26	0.664
Kentucky	38.74^a	42.63	0.047	12.21^a	8.24	0.003	50.64	50.69	0.985	40.10^a	45.39	0.028	41.52^a	46.14	0.031
Louisiana	48.24	50.03	0.347	15.26^a	10.75	0.003	61.67	57.93	0.141	50.16	53.57	0.147	52.02	54.22	0.289
Maine	55.07^a	60.41	0.009	14.57	12.47	0.187	65.34	66.34	0.705	58.08^a	64.39	0.010	58.97^a	64.62	0.010
Maryland	54.24^a	58.38	0.044	14.02	12.09	0.221	61.74	62.62	0.753	58.09^a	63.07	0.047	58.62^b	63.01	0.051
Massachusetts	61.54^a	57.91	0.050	16.89^a	12.21	0.006	72.39	69.15	0.194	64.83^b	60.89	0.083	65.97^b	62.11	0.055
Michigan	54.65	53.89	0.531	14.56^a	10.69	0.000	63.73^b	60.77	0.074	58.39	57.96	0.775	59.17	58.37	0.554
Minnesota	60.95	59.40	0.398	14.70^a	10.71	0.006	68.13	65.64	0.313	65.51	64.23	0.571	65.90	64.42	0.463
Mississippi	40.39	39.52	0.655	12.70^a	8.78	0.003	52.99^a	46.93	0.027	41.96	42.22	0.916	43.68	42.94	0.733
Missouri	50.15	50.78	0.754	13.92^a	9.83	0.004	61.01	59.32	0.522	52.95	54.27	0.598	54.09	54.99	0.686
Montana	59.07	57.93	0.583	21.39^a	9.90	0.000	69.07^a	61.56	0.003	61.95	62.62	0.791	62.97	62.47	0.825
Nebraska	53.59^a	57.43	0.042	13.81^a	8.88	0.001	64.98	62.82	0.415	56.67^a	62.68	0.011	57.99^a	62.70	0.024
Nevada	54.47	52.81	0.422	15.29	13.67	0.343	60.32	56.81	0.196	58.63	56.85	0.486	58.85	56.84	0.378
New Hampshire	63.98	63.63	0.847	17.83^a	13.12	0.005	74.97^a	68.92	0.015	67.91	68.27	0.871	68.85	68.36	0.803
New Jersey	54.18	56.67	0.208	15.17	13.88	0.408	64.96	63.69	0.595	57.37	60.63	0.181	58.39	61.03	0.221
New Mexico	47.59	47.02	0.769	15.62^a	9.40	0.000	57.11	55.79	0.625	50.05	50.25	0.933	51.15	51.06	0.967
New York	55.72	54.60	0.346	16.83^a	12.57	0.000	66.32^a	61.51	0.003	58.57	58.01	0.700	59.75	58.51	0.343
North Carolina	47.45	45.84	0.360	12.83^a	8.19	0.000	58.35	55.77	0.297	49.98	48.75	0.567	51.15	49.74	0.467
North Dakota	57.80	58.79	0.589	18.98^a	11.85	0.000	71.80	70.20	0.508	59.46	61.51	0.379	61.71	63.11	0.483
Ohio	51.67	52.56	0.461	14.99^a	10.33	0.000	65.37^a	61.18	0.016	54.08	56.28	0.139	55.67	56.97	0.335
Oklahoma	45.62	46.04	0.839	13.86^a	10.22	0.017	59.12	57.68	0.606	47.31	48.58	0.616	49.13	49.95	0.712
Oregon	59.77	58.85	0.634	17.75^a	11.68	0.000	66.69	63.02	0.145	63.58	63.31	0.908	64.00	63.28	0.729
Pennsylvania	55.06	56.56	0.257	16.73^a	11.34	0.000	66.31	63.95	0.191	57.81	60.32	0.116	59.01	60.82	0.207
Rhode Island	59.91	59.37	0.779	18.29^a	13.23	0.006	71.17^a	65.22	0.024	62.78	63.25	0.840	64.10	63.56	0.796
South Carolina	45.89	46.17	0.885	12.45^a	8.87	0.005	53.32^b	58.59	0.053	48.82	48.44	0.875	49.46	49.88	0.842
South Dakota	57.81	58.02	0.911	15.85^a	10.38	0.001	70.66	67.10	0.147	60.93	62.30	0.555	62.41	63.02	0.769
Tennessee	41.06	43.44	0.217	11.39^a	8.17	0.011	53.40	51.08	0.391	42.77	46.37	0.127	44.18	47.04	0.177
Texas	48.42	47.90	0.638	14.09^a	9.96	0.000	58.49^a	54.86	0.031	51.52	52.03	0.714	52.63	52.48	0.903
Utah	28.11^b	31.31	0.088	6.73	5.44	0.283	32.09	34.77	0.377	30.72^b	35.04	0.076	30.98^b	34.99	0.059
Vermont	60.28	60.67	0.848	18.40^a	13.16	0.003	73.56	70.65	0.246	62.87	63.80	0.707	64.37	64.82	0.838
Virginia	50.79	51.77	0.584	13.10^b	10.65	0.059	60.21	60.66	0.855	53.83	55.06	0.574	54.75	55.86	0.571
Washington	56.13	57.26	0.548	14.03^a	10.65	0.020	60.77	58.45	0.384	60.54	62.39	0.422	60.58	61.84	0.536
West Virginia	38.17	41.28	0.140	13.23^a	9.97	0.025	53.45	56.06	0.350	38.66	42.29	0.153	40.53	44.08	0.120
Wisconsin	61.78	60.36	0.451	18.62^a	11.25	0.000	71.81^a	66.26	0.022	65.42	65.19	0.922	66.34	65.34	0.629
Wyoming	54.21	54.32	0.958	17.06^a	10.72	0.003	62.33	62.15	0.950	57.41	58.15	0.769	58.15	58.73	0.795

150806

Table 6 – Alcohol Use in the Past Month among Individuals Aged 12 to 20, by State: Percentages and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	Alcohol Use in Past Month (2008-2009)	Alcohol Use in Past Month (2014-2015)	Alcohol Use in Past Month (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	26.83^a	21.57	0.000
Northeast	30.69^a	25.98	0.000
Midwest	27.60^a	22.00	0.000
South	25.18^a	19.66	0.000
West	25.76^a	21.01	0.000
Alabama	23.65^a	18.19	0.001
Alaska	25.51	23.91	0.420
Arizona	24.59^a	19.25	0.003
Arkansas	23.06^a	16.65	0.000
California	25.24^a	21.21	0.000
Colorado	32.89^a	24.83	0.000
Connecticut	31.02^b	27.67	0.097
Delaware	32.60^a	23.46	0.000
District of Columbia	31.66	31.34	0.893
Florida	26.62^a	21.20	0.000
Georgia	24.21^a	18.12	0.000
Hawaii	23.87^b	20.57	0.076
Idaho	23.93^a	16.80	0.000
Illinois	28.38^a	21.46	0.000
Indiana	23.50	20.97	0.138
Iowa	29.93^a	24.57	0.003
Kansas	28.91^a	21.41	0.000
Kentucky	23.65^a	17.91	0.001
Louisiana	29.69^a	23.73	0.001
Maine	26.61	25.68	0.610
Maryland	26.66^b	23.50	0.073
Massachusetts	32.97^b	29.63	0.082
Michigan	26.72^a	21.21	0.000
Minnesota	27.61^a	23.01	0.009
Mississippi	24.28^a	17.73	0.000
Missouri	24.24^a	20.22	0.019
Montana	34.33^a	21.31	0.000
Nebraska	26.45^a	21.63	0.007
Nevada	24.63	23.67	0.600
New Hampshire	34.84^a	27.78	0.000
New Jersey	27.22	25.97	0.449
New Mexico	25.80^a	19.40	0.000
New York	32.01^a	24.72	0.000
North Carolina	22.42^a	16.96	0.000
North Dakota	36.44^a	31.34	0.015
Ohio	28.41^a	22.09	0.000
Oklahoma	25.90^a	19.63	0.000
Oregon	31.36^a	23.57	0.000
Pennsylvania	29.02^a	24.79	0.001
Rhode Island	34.78^a	28.02	0.001
South Carolina	21.88	19.39	0.127
South Dakota	32.31^a	25.57	0.000
Tennessee	20.16	17.66	0.122
Texas	26.46^a	19.49	0.000
Utah	14.34^a	10.75	0.036
Vermont	36.53^a	30.60	0.003
Virginia	25.83^a	20.87	0.001
Washington	27.00^a	22.67	0.014
West Virginia	22.75	21.89	0.630
Wisconsin	30.83^a	23.86	0.000
Wyoming	30.54^a	21.59	0.000

150806

Table 7 – Tobacco Product Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Tobacco Products include cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (i.e., snuff, dip, chewing tobacco, or "snus"), cigars, or pipe tobacco. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	28.06^a	24.56	0.000	11.64^a	6.50	0.000	41.53^a	34.02	0.000	27.85^a	25.14	0.000	29.86^a	26.42	0.000
Northeast	26.45^a	23.30	0.000	11.37^a	6.22	0.000	41.23^a	32.89	0.000	25.78^a	23.62	0.004	28.01^a	24.92	0.000
Midwest	30.55^a	27.39	0.000	13.24^a	7.68	0.000	46.33^a	38.61	0.000	30.06^a	27.90	0.001	32.45^a	29.46	0.000
South	29.54^a	26.24	0.000	11.53^a	6.67	0.000	41.69^a	35.33	0.000	29.79^a	27.11	0.000	31.51^a	28.29	0.000
West	24.67^a	20.29	0.000	10.55^a	5.35	0.000	37.12^a	28.78	0.000	24.31^a	20.65	0.000	26.27^a	21.86	0.000
Alabama	32.94	30.46	0.119	13.26^a	7.78	0.000	45.41	42.27	0.199	33.33	31.21	0.281	35.08	32.80	0.191
Alaska	29.41	31.51	0.202	13.46^a	9.87	0.021	44.60	42.61	0.459	28.91	32.30	0.102	31.40	33.96	0.159
Arizona	25.71^a	22.51	0.034	10.17^a	6.18	0.001	39.80^a	31.23	0.001	25.39	23.09	0.208	27.48^b	24.28	0.054
Arkansas	35.26	34.05	0.489	14.99^a	9.67	0.000	47.74^a	41.50	0.016	35.81	35.83	0.994	37.48	36.64	0.664
California	22.79^a	17.94	0.000	9.47^a	4.29	0.000	34.37^a	25.84	0.000	22.43^a	18.20	0.000	24.35^a	19.36	0.000
Colorado	27.37	24.92	0.117	13.30^a	7.02	0.000	43.67^a	36.39	0.006	26.37	25.12	0.513	28.84	26.75	0.220
Connecticut	25.34^a	21.88	0.027	11.01^a	6.39	0.000	41.49^a	35.71	0.031	24.58^b	21.47	0.100	26.89^a	23.46	0.045
Delaware	30.13^a	26.35	0.022	13.07^a	6.77	0.000	45.53^a	37.20	0.001	29.65	26.76	0.150	31.92^a	28.21	0.039
District of Columbia	27.62^b	24.77	0.078	9.48^a	5.01	0.000	34.96	30.75	0.102	27.66	24.88	0.156	28.99^b	25.89	0.071
Florida	26.78^a	22.65	0.000	10.61^a	5.17	0.000	38.36^a	29.75	0.000	26.85^a	23.40	0.004	28.33^a	24.21	0.000
Georgia	28.86^a	26.02	0.049	11.68^a	6.10	0.000	40.80^a	35.21	0.014	29.20	27.07	0.238	30.89	28.28	0.102
Hawaii	22.31^a	19.21	0.039	9.93^a	5.09	0.000	37.26^a	28.22	0.001	21.32	19.31	0.264	23.51^b	20.50	0.064
Idaho	26.80^a	22.03	0.001	10.75^a	7.15	0.005	39.73^a	31.66	0.001	26.82^a	22.50	0.014	28.75^a	23.84	0.002
Illinois	29.01^a	23.94	0.000	12.45^a	5.93	0.000	44.24^a	34.27	0.000	28.44^a	24.43	0.001	30.87^a	25.84	0.000
Indiana	31.88	30.83	0.522	13.97^a	9.05	0.000	46.31	42.65	0.146	31.80	31.55	0.902	33.89	33.22	0.708
Iowa	30.23^a	26.97	0.035	12.41^a	9.12	0.021	44.08^a	37.25	0.007	30.01	27.30	0.156	32.12^a	28.81	0.050
Kansas	30.69^a	24.70	0.000	13.11^a	7.75	0.000	47.46^a	34.60	0.000	29.91^a	25.14	0.015	32.67^a	26.60	0.000
Kentucky	38.08^a	34.47	0.049	16.82^a	10.40	0.000	52.70^a	44.58	0.002	38.37	35.66	0.226	40.31^b	36.93	0.092
Louisiana	30.67	31.06	0.812	10.72^a	7.92	0.026	41.06	39.93	0.652	31.40	32.41	0.618	32.96	33.53	0.749
Maine	29.82^a	24.47	0.001	12.13^a	8.43	0.006	47.65^a	38.26	0.001	29.28^a	24.18	0.011	31.52^a	25.87	0.002
Maryland	23.84	23.79	0.972	9.04^a	6.05	0.007	35.70	33.98	0.515	23.72	24.21	0.802	25.46	25.56	0.954
Massachusetts	25.06^a	20.76	0.003	10.50^a	5.98	0.000	41.42^a	32.06	0.000	23.85^a	20.38	0.048	26.50^a	22.12	0.005
Michigan	30.47^a	27.19	0.002	12.88^a	7.57	0.000	45.86^a	37.86	0.000	30.17^b	27.74	0.065	32.45^a	29.23	0.005
Minnesota	27.59	25.28	0.130	12.49^a	6.68	0.000	47.57^a	35.55	0.000	26.07	25.86	0.910	29.20	27.20	0.229
Mississippi	31.60	31.79	0.911	12.10^a	8.92	0.024	43.29^b	38.62	0.078	32.19	33.56	0.502	33.92	34.33	0.819
Missouri	32.65	30.80	0.269	14.57^a	9.28	0.000	47.19	44.22	0.243	32.55	31.14	0.490	34.62	33.01	0.380
Montana	31.17^a	27.37	0.022	15.59^a	9.50	0.000	49.20^a	40.70	0.001	30.03	27.14	0.150	32.78^a	29.06	0.038
Nebraska	29.00	27.29	0.290	12.29^a	7.47	0.000	42.14^b	37.69	0.085	28.71	27.97	0.711	30.85	29.45	0.429
Nevada	28.44^a	24.76	0.029	11.98^a	6.94	0.000	40.40^a	32.72	0.003	28.78	25.65	0.130	30.28^a	26.60	0.047
New Hampshire	28.12^a	24.94	0.042	12.55^a	8.40	0.001	45.16^a	39.58	0.029	27.40	24.42	0.113	29.76^b	26.49	0.054
New Jersey	24.81^a	20.74	0.007	9.81^a	5.33	0.000	38.34^a	30.95	0.001	24.58^b	21.00	0.053	26.42^a	22.31	0.013
New Mexico	26.72^b	24.15	0.086	12.82^a	6.26	0.000	42.62^a	35.47	0.007	25.62	24.46	0.527	28.26	26.07	0.181
New York	24.57	23.17	0.149	10.73^a	5.70	0.000	39.13^a	29.47	0.000	23.64	24.00	0.760	26.00	24.80	0.253
North Carolina	31.32^a	25.73	0.000	12.01^a	5.96	0.000	43.70^a	35.77	0.001	31.72^a	26.46	0.003	33.38^a	27.78	0.000
North Dakota	30.37	30.36	0.995	13.46^a	9.83	0.016	46.39	42.38	0.108	28.87	29.98	0.575	32.07	32.24	0.919
Ohio	32.29^b	30.22	0.056	14.11^a	7.86	0.000	49.54^a	42.54	0.000	31.76	30.93	0.533	34.27	32.55	0.147
Oklahoma	34.82	32.12	0.135	13.78^a	10.22	0.032	48.56^a	42.71	0.030	35.07	33.06	0.366	37.14	34.51	0.183
Oregon	30.12^a	22.53	0.000	14.94^a	7.01	0.000	45.09^a	34.16	0.000	29.56^a	22.41	0.000	31.65^a	23.99	0.000
Pennsylvania	30.97^a	26.54	0.000	13.84^a	7.24	0.000	45.29^a	37.54	0.000	30.67^a	26.89	0.005	32.74^a	28.36	0.000
Rhode Island	26.34^b	23.45	0.072	10.30^a	5.86	0.000	41.51^a	34.58	0.013	25.41	23.29	0.272	27.95^b	25.05	0.096
South Carolina	31.30^b	28.49	0.086	11.78^a	7.11	0.000	44.29	40.56	0.141	31.59	28.98	0.191	33.37	30.62	0.122
South Dakota	31.32^a	28.05	0.039	14.94^a	9.20	0.000	49.54^a	41.55	0.001	30.16	28.00	0.265	33.12^b	30.02	0.073
Tennessee	33.55^a	28.66	0.004	12.46^a	7.85	0.000	46.98^a	39.75	0.004	34.05^a	29.31	0.021	35.77^a	30.79	0.007
Texas	27.05^a	23.12	0.000	10.01^a	5.74	0.000	38.36^a	31.14	0.000	27.41^a	24.13	0.005	29.15^a	25.22	0.000
Utah	18.44^a	15.39	0.030	6.72^a	3.70	0.005	24.94^a	19.63	0.033	18.80	16.49	0.193	20.02^b	17.06	0.059
Vermont	27.61	27.42	0.909	12.66^a	8.13	0.001	44.28	42.38	0.481	26.58	26.78	0.921	29.07	29.10	0.986
Virginia	27.48^b	25.04	0.090	11.74^a	6.06	0.000	41.54^a	34.37	0.002	27.03	25.68	0.450	29.13	26.92	0.162
Washington	26.86^a	22.09	0.001	11.87^a	6.32	0.000	41.46^a	31.00	0.000	26.35^a	22.46	0.027	28.44^a	23.65	0.002
West Virginia	38.41	37.40	0.602	16.88^a	12.55	0.009	54.20	50.84	0.205	38.44	37.93	0.827	40.43	39.62	0.697
Wisconsin	30.21^a	25.37	0.002	12.88^a	7.96	0.000	45.41^a	36.14	0.000	29.79^a	25.64	0.034	32.04^a	27.13	0.005
Wyoming	34.32^b	31.00	0.064	18.41^a	10.59	0.000	49.70^a	42.10	0.005	33.58	31.53	0.351	36.01	33.06	0.133

150806

Table 8 – Cigarette Use in the Past Month, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	23.63^a	20.12	0.000	9.09^a	4.53	0.000	35.80^a	27.54	0.000	23.40^a	20.74	0.000	25.23^a	21.72	0.000
Northeast	22.40^a	19.13	0.000	8.82^a	4.37	0.000	35.95^a	26.89	0.000	21.75^a	19.48	0.001	23.81^a	20.53	0.000
Midwest	25.66^a	22.50	0.000	10.45^a	5.55	0.000	39.92^a	30.61	0.000	25.16^a	23.20	0.002	27.33^a	24.28	0.000
South	24.80^a	21.41	0.000	9.12^a	4.50	0.000	35.96^a	28.57	0.000	24.92^a	22.28	0.000	26.52^a	23.19	0.000
West	20.86^a	16.66	0.000	7.97^a	3.75	0.000	31.69^a	23.72	0.000	20.62^a	17.02	0.000	22.32^a	18.01	0.000
Alabama	26.82^b	24.25	0.096	10.40^a	5.34	0.000	38.16^b	34.00	0.097	26.98	24.89	0.269	28.60	26.20	0.157
Alaska	24.21	24.64	0.781	9.37^a	6.02	0.005	38.26	35.38	0.281	23.78	25.09	0.493	26.07	26.74	0.690
Arizona	21.97^a	19.23	0.044	8.70^a	4.15	0.000	33.07^a	25.33	0.002	21.85	20.10	0.297	23.48^b	20.87	0.082
Arkansas	30.28	27.81	0.127	12.05^a	6.35	0.000	42.83^a	32.28	0.000	30.56	29.73	0.682	32.28	30.10	0.221
California	19.28^a	14.82	0.000	7.05^a	3.09	0.000	29.58^a	21.90	0.000	19.02^a	15.00	0.000	20.71^a	16.05	0.000
Colorado	22.33^b	19.71	0.061	9.69^a	4.84	0.000	36.42^a	29.65	0.007	21.52	19.80	0.320	23.65	21.23	0.115
Connecticut	21.47^a	17.56	0.006	8.67^a	4.50	0.000	36.51^a	30.39	0.020	20.69^a	17.03	0.034	22.85^a	18.89	0.011
Delaware	25.41^b	22.46	0.058	9.74^a	4.85	0.000	39.95^a	31.48	0.001	24.90	22.95	0.306	27.05^b	24.13	0.087
District of Columbia	23.85^a	19.87	0.008	6.30^a	3.02	0.000	30.11^a	23.86	0.008	24.08^a	20.21	0.034	25.17^a	20.83	0.007
Florida	22.66^a	18.89	0.000	8.30^a	3.56	0.000	32.61^a	23.66	0.000	22.76^a	19.75	0.009	24.03^a	20.26	0.000
Georgia	24.48^a	20.37	0.002	8.95^a	3.76	0.000	35.71^a	26.61	0.000	24.72^b	21.50	0.056	26.32^a	22.26	0.006
Hawaii	20.24^a	16.53	0.008	7.60^a	3.13	0.000	34.07^a	23.98	0.000	19.46	16.79	0.113	21.47^a	17.76	0.015
Idaho	23.14^a	17.71	0.000	9.05^a	5.04	0.000	35.00^a	23.99	0.000	23.07^a	18.45	0.006	24.85^a	19.26	0.000
Illinois	24.93^a	20.44	0.000	10.01^a	4.40	0.000	38.97^a	28.80	0.000	24.37^a	21.02	0.006	26.60^a	22.14	0.000
Indiana	26.78	25.91	0.564	10.84^a	6.74	0.001	40.95^a	35.13	0.026	26.49	26.75	0.892	28.58	28.01	0.735
Iowa	24.90^a	21.27	0.011	10.17^a	5.99	0.000	37.13^a	28.75	0.001	24.58	21.79	0.113	26.46^a	22.85	0.022
Kansas	25.04^a	18.93	0.000	10.80^a	4.77	0.000	39.71^a	24.75	0.000	24.19^a	19.75	0.011	26.63^a	20.52	0.000
Kentucky	31.94^b	28.79	0.057	12.44^a	7.77	0.000	44.22^a	37.23	0.007	32.38	29.89	0.224	33.98^b	30.94	0.094
Louisiana	26.54	26.44	0.950	8.41^a	5.82	0.014	36.03	33.60	0.331	27.20	27.78	0.773	28.62	28.65	0.988
Maine	25.64^a	20.71	0.002	9.72^a	6.12	0.001	42.51^a	29.53	0.000	25.03^a	20.95	0.029	27.17^a	21.99	0.002
Maryland	19.82	19.07	0.614	7.61^a	3.93	0.000	31.15^a	25.71	0.027	19.45	19.76	0.867	21.15	20.58	0.729
Massachusetts	20.99^a	16.66	0.001	7.63^a	4.11	0.000	34.67^a	25.91	0.001	20.13^a	16.40	0.019	22.32^a	17.81	0.002
Michigan	26.12^a	22.31	0.000	10.34^a	5.17	0.000	39.79^a	28.83	0.000	25.87^a	23.27	0.031	27.89^a	24.09	0.000
Minnesota	23.49^a	19.50	0.004	9.72^a	4.69	0.000	41.01^a	26.81	0.000	22.22	20.09	0.209	24.96^a	21.02	0.010
Mississippi	26.35	25.34	0.511	9.66^a	5.59	0.000	36.57^a	31.20	0.031	26.82	26.88	0.976	28.34	27.54	0.640
Missouri	26.31	25.09	0.433	10.98^a	6.95	0.001	39.48	35.67	0.141	26.09	25.49	0.759	27.98	26.96	0.549
Montana	24.75^a	19.65	0.001	11.24^a	6.29	0.000	39.49^a	28.78	0.000	23.91^a	19.61	0.021	26.14^a	20.92	0.002
Nebraska	24.27	21.95	0.116	9.36^a	5.10	0.000	36.05^a	27.92	0.001	24.00	23.04	0.603	25.91	23.78	0.191
Nevada	24.45^b	21.25	0.053	9.44^a	4.40	0.000	33.92^a	27.51	0.009	24.97	22.29	0.184	26.13^b	22.99	0.085
New Hampshire	23.36^a	19.70	0.009	10.23^a	5.92	0.000	39.18^a	30.47	0.000	22.53^b	19.49	0.074	24.74^a	20.99	0.014
New Jersey	20.88^a	16.69	0.002	7.59^a	3.51	0.000	35.13^a	24.71	0.000	20.33^a	17.02	0.044	22.32^a	18.03	0.003
New Mexico	22.74^b	20.32	0.098	10.06^a	4.11	0.000	36.12^a	30.09	0.016	21.95	20.68	0.485	24.15	22.05	0.195
New York	21.30^b	19.55	0.058	8.21^a	4.13	0.000	34.38^a	25.24	0.000	20.55	20.26	0.807	22.66^b	20.99	0.098
North Carolina	26.45^a	21.17	0.000	9.16^a	4.35	0.000	37.96^a	29.37	0.000	26.73^a	21.85	0.004	28.30^a	22.92	0.000
North Dakota	24.70	23.93	0.602	10.42^a	7.31	0.011	36.38^a	31.27	0.033	23.86	24.17	0.866	26.14	25.46	0.672
Ohio	26.71	25.26	0.156	10.93^a	5.98	0.000	41.85^a	33.72	0.000	26.23	26.22	0.997	28.43	27.27	0.300
Oklahoma	28.24^b	25.50	0.094	11.31^a	6.18	0.000	41.18^a	34.03	0.007	28.10	26.48	0.428	30.11	27.61	0.167
Oregon	25.01^a	18.00	0.000	10.32^a	5.25	0.000	37.51^a	26.99	0.000	24.78^a	17.99	0.000	26.49^a	19.20	0.000
Pennsylvania	25.69^a	21.55	0.000	11.13^a	5.03	0.000	38.72^a	29.58	0.000	25.30^a	22.07	0.011	27.19^a	23.11	0.000
Rhode Island	22.58^a	19.18	0.024	7.93^a	4.38	0.000	35.37^a	27.31	0.003	21.93	19.27	0.147	24.05^a	20.52	0.031
South Carolina	26.94^a	23.42	0.016	9.52^a	4.69	0.000	37.73	34.05	0.150	27.33^b	23.83	0.053	28.80^a	25.28	0.029
South Dakota	25.04^a	22.16	0.047	11.43^a	6.63	0.000	39.83^a	32.69	0.005	24.14	22.23	0.286	26.53^b	23.79	0.085
Tennessee	28.20^a	22.75	0.000	9.69^a	5.32	0.000	39.48^a	30.33	0.000	28.71^a	23.57	0.007	30.14^a	24.53	0.001
Texas	22.51^a	19.13	0.000	8.17^a	3.91	0.000	33.64^a	26.34	0.000	22.51^a	19.99	0.023	24.27^a	20.97	0.001
Utah	16.42^a	13.44	0.021	5.39^a	3.34	0.023	22.29^a	16.99	0.029	16.83	14.43	0.150	17.91^a	14.88	0.038
Vermont	22.31	21.98	0.828	8.73^a	6.20	0.022	38.02^b	33.55	0.098	21.29	21.58	0.876	23.64	23.36	0.867
Virginia	23.23^a	20.11	0.017	9.56^a	3.92	0.000	35.65^a	28.12	0.001	22.79	20.65	0.182	24.66^a	21.72	0.041
Washington	22.91^a	17.51	0.000	8.89^a	4.10	0.000	35.68^a	23.73	0.000	22.56^a	18.04	0.007	24.38^a	18.83	0.000
West Virginia	30.76	29.77	0.568	13.14^a	8.29	0.000	47.13^a	40.10	0.011	30.30	30.41	0.956	32.42	31.68	0.698
Wisconsin	25.74^a	20.60	0.000	10.57^a	5.90	0.000	40.34^a	29.13	0.000	25.15^a	20.93	0.018	27.35^a	22.10	0.001
Wyoming	26.58	24.24	0.137	12.60^a	7.76	0.001	39.19^a	31.24	0.002	26.09	25.00	0.578	28.06	25.90	0.211

150806

Table 9 – Alcohol Use Disorder in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Alcohol Use Disorder is defined as meeting criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse. Dependence or abuse is based on definitions found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	7.42^a	6.14	0.000	4.76^a	2.62	0.000	16.76^a	11.61	0.000	6.16^a	5.64	0.005	7.72^a	6.51	0.000
Northeast	7.42^a	6.39	0.000	4.73^a	2.72	0.000	17.81^a	12.31	0.000	5.99	5.82	0.592	7.70^a	6.73	0.001
Midwest	7.84^a	6.25	0.000	5.14^a	2.52	0.000	18.24^a	12.45	0.000	6.39^a	5.66	0.008	8.13^a	6.64	0.000
South	6.90^a	5.76	0.000	4.14^a	2.52	0.000	15.18^a	10.61	0.000	5.86^a	5.34	0.047	7.20^a	6.09	0.000
West	7.86^a	6.47	0.000	5.37^a	2.78	0.000	16.97^a	11.88	0.000	6.54	5.99	0.119	8.14^a	6.86	0.000
Alabama	6.40^a	4.64	0.004	4.12^a	2.17	0.002	13.75^a	9.65	0.004	5.45^b	4.10	0.064	6.65^a	4.90	0.008
Alaska	8.06	7.43	0.431	5.31^a	2.55	0.000	16.94^a	12.30	0.007	6.80	7.16	0.707	8.40	7.99	0.636
Arizona	7.73	6.66	0.145	5.40^a	2.90	0.002	18.24^a	12.36	0.001	6.26	6.15	0.900	8.00	7.06	0.243
Arkansas	6.75^a	4.88	0.002	4.90^a	2.76	0.003	15.57^a	9.64	0.000	5.54	4.34	0.102	6.95^a	5.11	0.006
California	7.87^a	6.55	0.003	5.27^a	2.73	0.000	16.36^a	11.85	0.000	6.61	6.07	0.327	8.18^a	6.95	0.013
Colorado	8.97^b	7.47	0.070	6.32^a	3.20	0.000	21.03^a	12.56	0.000	7.28	7.13	0.873	9.25	7.91	0.135
Connecticut	8.64^a	6.90	0.033	5.92^a	2.74	0.000	19.92^a	13.00	0.000	7.19	6.40	0.420	8.93^b	7.32	0.070
Delaware	7.88^a	5.88	0.005	4.86^a	2.42	0.000	18.98^a	12.46	0.000	6.40	5.20	0.161	8.19^a	6.21	0.010
District of Columbia	9.26	8.22	0.239	3.04	2.44	0.347	17.04^a	12.85	0.015	8.10	7.65	0.671	9.73	8.55	0.206
Florida	6.93^a	5.91	0.036	4.33^a	2.69	0.001	14.60^a	10.30	0.000	6.08	5.60	0.408	7.18^b	6.19	0.061
Georgia	6.68^a	5.48	0.050	3.38^a	2.18	0.022	15.02^a	10.55	0.001	5.72	5.03	0.353	7.07^b	5.86	0.070
Hawaii	7.58^a	5.37	0.004	5.83^a	2.48	0.000	16.34^a	10.67	0.001	6.38^b	4.86	0.088	7.75^a	5.64	0.010
Idaho	7.14^b	6.05	0.089	5.16^a	2.98	0.003	16.35^a	11.89	0.005	5.79	5.48	0.684	7.37	6.42	0.176
Illinois	7.58^a	6.05	0.002	4.32^a	2.42	0.000	17.59^a	12.07	0.000	6.19	5.49	0.231	7.94^a	6.43	0.005
Indiana	6.99	5.94	0.102	5.01^a	2.65	0.001	17.00^a	12.48	0.006	5.57	5.21	0.630	7.22	6.30	0.189
Iowa	8.64^a	6.36	0.001	6.67^a	2.57	0.000	19.79^a	13.00	0.000	6.92	5.63	0.122	8.85^a	6.75	0.006
Kansas	8.06^a	5.98	0.002	5.68^a	2.51	0.000	19.37^a	12.38	0.000	6.27	5.27	0.207	8.33^a	6.37	0.009
Kentucky	5.98	5.61	0.572	3.83^a	2.36	0.020	14.21^a	10.14	0.008	4.95	5.25	0.691	6.20	5.95	0.714
Louisiana	7.02	6.59	0.566	3.63^b	2.43	0.061	14.96^a	10.54	0.004	5.95	6.42	0.598	7.40	7.04	0.651
Maine	6.76^a	5.33	0.032	4.06^a	2.52	0.021	17.72^a	12.07	0.001	5.52	4.69	0.276	7.01^a	5.57	0.045
Maryland	7.05	6.57	0.528	3.70^b	2.56	0.080	15.17^a	11.25	0.015	6.10	6.28	0.846	7.42	6.97	0.591
Massachusetts	7.42	6.70	0.310	4.74^a	2.98	0.022	18.97^a	12.58	0.000	5.68	6.07	0.636	7.68	7.04	0.400
Michigan	7.63^a	5.66	0.000	4.90^a	2.63	0.000	16.79^a	11.49	0.000	6.43^a	5.02	0.015	7.93^a	5.97	0.000
Minnesota	9.20^a	6.33	0.000	5.77^a	2.20	0.000	21.08^a	13.33	0.000	7.60^a	5.70	0.038	9.56^a	6.75	0.001
Mississippi	6.29^b	5.15	0.071	3.68^a	2.17	0.011	13.24^a	8.90	0.002	5.38	4.86	0.499	6.60	5.48	0.106
Missouri	7.63^a	6.14	0.032	5.15^a	2.28	0.000	17.62^a	12.57	0.003	6.29	5.53	0.344	7.90^b	6.54	0.072
Montana	9.78^a	6.95	0.001	8.23^a	2.60	0.000	24.59^a	14.09	0.000	7.49	6.25	0.214	9.94^a	7.37	0.005
Nebraska	8.50^a	6.85	0.035	5.65^a	2.33	0.000	19.05^a	13.25	0.001	6.88	6.28	0.521	8.81^b	7.34	0.083
Nevada	7.61^b	6.25	0.060	5.40^a	3.02	0.004	16.76^a	11.71	0.002	6.53	5.79	0.394	7.86	6.58	0.106
New Hampshire	7.50	7.20	0.704	5.09^a	2.68	0.001	19.31^a	14.12	0.007	5.98	6.59	0.511	7.75	7.62	0.880
New Jersey	6.61	5.72	0.159	3.71	3.24	0.492	15.87^a	11.42	0.002	5.54	5.15	0.607	6.93	5.97	0.168
New Mexico	8.64^a	6.82	0.024	6.64^a	2.59	0.000	18.71^a	12.05	0.000	7.05	6.46	0.548	8.86^b	7.28	0.070
New York	7.88^a	6.41	0.002	5.31^a	2.51	0.000	18.10^a	11.59	0.000	6.36	5.95	0.486	8.15^a	6.77	0.009
North Carolina	6.27^b	5.29	0.089	3.40^a	2.08	0.013	14.65^a	10.89	0.008	5.28	4.75	0.445	6.58	5.62	0.128
North Dakota	8.38^b	7.06	0.078	5.29^a	2.96	0.005	20.61^a	13.19	0.000	6.03	6.15	0.891	8.69	7.44	0.120
Ohio	7.62^a	6.47	0.021	5.19^a	2.45	0.000	17.80^a	11.66	0.000	6.26	6.11	0.808	7.89^b	6.89	0.068
Oklahoma	7.55^b	6.18	0.054	4.96^a	2.11	0.000	16.78^a	11.04	0.001	6.21	5.84	0.664	7.84	6.63	0.118
Oregon	8.54^a	6.92	0.040	6.33^a	3.05	0.000	18.71^a	12.48	0.000	7.22	6.49	0.429	8.76^b	7.29	0.080
Pennsylvania	6.91	6.45	0.363	4.21^a	2.53	0.001	17.07^a	13.26	0.002	5.56	5.79	0.700	7.18	6.82	0.505
Rhode Island	8.26	6.98	0.104	4.86^a	2.86	0.010	18.03^a	13.83	0.028	6.84	6.16	0.463	8.60	7.36	0.142
South Carolina	7.90^a	5.94	0.007	3.98^a	2.56	0.027	16.24^a	10.50	0.000	7.03^b	5.57	0.100	8.32^a	6.27	0.010
South Dakota	9.68^a	7.39	0.006	6.74^a	2.63	0.000	23.35^a	14.55	0.000	7.59	6.72	0.370	10.00^a	7.89	0.019
Tennessee	6.18	5.29	0.162	3.28^b	2.18	0.057	14.18^a	10.43	0.011	5.30	4.81	0.521	6.48	5.61	0.205
Texas	6.98^a	5.95	0.017	4.63^a	2.98	0.002	14.76^a	10.70	0.000	5.85	5.50	0.493	7.26^a	6.31	0.042
Utah	6.07^a	4.79	0.040	3.31	2.26	0.113	12.42	9.85	0.110	4.96	4.08	0.236	6.44^b	5.15	0.063
Vermont	7.84	6.95	0.234	4.92^a	2.75	0.004	20.15^a	15.50	0.016	6.16	5.89	0.759	8.12	7.32	0.315
Virginia	8.04^a	5.76	0.000	5.07^a	2.19	0.000	19.44^a	11.43	0.000	6.47	5.23	0.105	8.35^a	6.12	0.001
Washington	7.08^a	5.68	0.033	4.74^a	2.74	0.004	16.26^a	11.57	0.004	5.88	5.07	0.293	7.32^b	5.97	0.057
West Virginia	6.54	5.49	0.118	4.45^a	2.87	0.027	15.43^a	11.46	0.012	5.48	4.87	0.439	6.73	5.73	0.160
Wisconsin	8.06	7.33	0.343	5.43^a	3.06	0.004	19.67^a	14.57	0.005	6.43	6.64	0.821	8.34	7.76	0.488
Wyoming	8.51^a	6.36	0.003	6.96^a	2.94	0.000	19.54^a	13.15	0.000	6.75	5.62	0.188	8.67^a	6.71	0.013

150806

Table 10 – Alcohol Dependence in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	12+ (2008-2009)	12+ (2014-2015)	12+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Dependence is based on the definition found in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	3.54^a	2.97	0.000	1.92^a	0.95	0.000	6.96^a	5.18	0.000	3.16^a	2.84	0.017	3.72^a	3.18	0.000
Northeast	3.53^a	3.09	0.025	1.96^a	0.94	0.000	7.51^a	5.25	0.000	3.05	2.98	0.775	3.69^b	3.30	0.065
Midwest	3.51^a	2.86	0.000	1.96^a	0.93	0.000	7.54^a	5.30	0.000	3.02^b	2.68	0.081	3.68^a	3.06	0.000
South	3.44^a	2.73	0.000	1.73^a	0.92	0.000	6.37^a	4.66	0.000	3.16^a	2.62	0.006	3.63^a	2.92	0.000
West	3.74^b	3.37	0.074	2.13^a	1.05	0.000	6.89^a	5.82	0.014	3.39	3.23	0.544	3.93	3.61	0.176
Alabama	3.17^a	2.34	0.046	1.75^a	0.80	0.001	6.31^a	3.86	0.004	2.81	2.27	0.294	3.32^b	2.50	0.075
Alaska	3.88	3.67	0.675	1.80^a	0.87	0.002	6.85	6.23	0.581	3.63	3.55	0.905	4.14	3.99	0.786
Arizona	3.50	3.62	0.808	2.03^a	1.10	0.009	7.40	5.92	0.176	3.04	3.55	0.417	3.67	3.89	0.685
Arkansas	3.25^a	2.42	0.046	1.75^a	0.96	0.008	6.67^a	4.30	0.010	2.88	2.28	0.251	3.41^b	2.57	0.071
California	3.83	3.48	0.278	2.17^a	1.07	0.000	6.54	6.02	0.429	3.55	3.32	0.588	4.03	3.73	0.412
Colorado	3.74	3.72	0.968	1.95^a	1.11	0.013	6.98	5.80	0.264	3.42	3.68	0.689	3.93	3.99	0.917
Connecticut	3.48	3.16	0.513	2.06^a	0.92	0.000	7.27	6.02	0.269	3.06	2.96	0.874	3.64	3.39	0.651
Delaware	3.47	2.74	0.119	1.72^a	0.92	0.004	6.67	5.26	0.160	3.15	2.54	0.298	3.66	2.92	0.154
District of Columbia	4.61	3.97	0.281	1.23	0.84	0.166	7.75	6.15	0.214	4.22	3.72	0.505	4.87	4.14	0.259
Florida	3.60^a	2.60	0.005	1.74^a	0.86	0.000	6.14^a	4.43	0.005	3.43^a	2.51	0.038	3.78^a	2.75	0.009
Georgia	3.55^a	2.60	0.031	1.47^a	0.84	0.012	6.19^a	4.52	0.037	3.39	2.50	0.127	3.79^a	2.80	0.046
Hawaii	3.22	2.69	0.269	2.03^a	0.84	0.002	7.02	5.32	0.130	2.74	2.47	0.641	3.33	2.85	0.366
Idaho	3.25	3.02	0.599	2.11^a	0.92	0.000	7.04^b	5.37	0.095	2.75	2.92	0.763	3.39	3.28	0.818
Illinois	3.66^a	2.82	0.013	1.67^a	0.91	0.001	7.94^a	5.53	0.002	3.14	2.61	0.197	3.88^a	3.02	0.022
Indiana	3.31	3.16	0.729	2.21^a	0.98	0.000	7.61	6.00	0.136	2.73	2.94	0.717	3.44	3.40	0.937
Iowa	3.41^a	2.59	0.049	2.41^a	0.94	0.000	7.01^a	4.81	0.020	2.90	2.39	0.338	3.52	2.76	0.103
Kansas	3.40^a	2.50	0.038	1.97^a	0.94	0.001	6.98^a	4.82	0.029	2.92	2.28	0.244	3.56^b	2.67	0.068
Kentucky	3.03	2.85	0.701	1.75^a	0.82	0.001	6.02^a	4.24	0.047	2.71	2.86	0.804	3.16	3.06	0.840
Louisiana	3.55	3.57	0.970	1.49^a	0.85	0.018	6.32	5.98	0.730	3.30	3.49	0.775	3.79	3.86	0.897
Maine	3.25^a	2.29	0.034	1.71^a	0.86	0.004	6.87^a	3.86	0.001	2.92	2.22	0.210	3.40^a	2.42	0.049
Maryland	3.67	2.94	0.159	1.68^a	0.79	0.001	6.50	4.95	0.114	3.45	2.87	0.383	3.89	3.16	0.205
Massachusetts	3.62	3.09	0.264	2.04^a	0.91	0.000	7.96^a	5.52	0.029	3.03	2.90	0.820	3.77	3.29	0.352
Michigan	3.43^a	2.64	0.016	1.94^a	0.95	0.000	6.85^a	5.01	0.009	3.04	2.43	0.132	3.60^a	2.81	0.031
Minnesota	4.17^a	2.75	0.006	1.98^a	0.85	0.000	7.72^a	5.01	0.009	3.84^b	2.62	0.062	4.41^a	2.95	0.012
Mississippi	3.35^a	2.46	0.046	1.59^a	0.85	0.006	6.21^a	4.00	0.013	3.07	2.40	0.236	3.56^b	2.64	0.067
Missouri	3.29	2.63	0.144	1.91^a	0.83	0.000	6.67^b	4.91	0.061	2.90	2.47	0.437	3.43	2.82	0.213
Montana	3.99	3.38	0.271	2.60^a	0.94	0.000	10.69^a	6.06	0.000	3.03	3.21	0.791	4.13	3.61	0.394
Nebraska	3.54	3.18	0.449	2.10^a	0.92	0.000	7.42	6.42	0.361	2.99	2.89	0.865	3.70	3.43	0.609
Nevada	3.61	3.15	0.354	2.21^a	1.04	0.001	6.84	5.54	0.207	3.30	3.03	0.656	3.76	3.37	0.471
New Hampshire	3.41	3.52	0.814	2.36^a	0.88	0.000	8.32^a	5.85	0.025	2.78	3.44	0.285	3.52	3.77	0.641
New Jersey	3.09	2.50	0.148	1.76^a	0.91	0.003	6.03	4.83	0.155	2.80	2.33	0.372	3.23	2.66	0.209
New Mexico	4.16	4.02	0.818	2.41^a	1.23	0.008	8.37	6.36	0.103	3.62	3.98	0.638	4.36	4.32	0.960
New York	3.86	3.33	0.141	2.24^a	1.02	0.000	8.36^a	5.43	0.000	3.24	3.23	0.970	4.02	3.55	0.222
North Carolina	3.52	2.81	0.104	1.49^a	0.81	0.004	6.50^a	4.69	0.036	3.29	2.74	0.333	3.74	3.01	0.141
North Dakota	3.36	2.90	0.283	2.13^a	0.97	0.001	7.67	6.05	0.141	2.55	2.41	0.799	3.48	3.08	0.392
Ohio	3.35	3.15	0.577	1.93^a	0.95	0.000	7.80^a	4.97	0.000	2.80	3.13	0.433	3.50	3.38	0.758
Oklahoma	3.28	2.85	0.312	1.88^a	0.84	0.000	7.33^a	5.11	0.027	2.72	2.70	0.971	3.43	3.07	0.444
Oregon	4.25	3.54	0.211	2.18^a	1.06	0.001	7.70^b	5.66	0.052	3.95	3.48	0.513	4.45	3.77	0.275
Pennsylvania	3.26	3.10	0.642	1.62^a	0.88	0.002	6.84^a	4.78	0.004	2.87	3.07	0.663	3.43	3.31	0.748
Rhode Island	4.27	3.53	0.214	1.75^a	0.96	0.011	7.60	6.22	0.248	3.94	3.31	0.400	4.52	3.77	0.247
South Carolina	4.09^a	2.89	0.023	1.56^a	0.81	0.005	6.43	4.93	0.119	4.02^b	2.79	0.068	4.36^a	3.09	0.031
South Dakota	3.68	3.30	0.440	2.17^a	0.95	0.000	9.13^a	5.98	0.007	2.89	3.12	0.711	3.85	3.55	0.587
Tennessee	3.29^b	2.45	0.059	1.63^a	0.79	0.001	6.62^a	3.99	0.003	2.98	2.40	0.293	3.47^b	2.62	0.087
Texas	3.17	2.70	0.115	1.92^a	1.16	0.006	5.83^b	4.73	0.081	2.85	2.54	0.421	3.32	2.88	0.193
Utah	3.25^a	2.36	0.024	1.81^a	0.95	0.006	5.90	4.66	0.181	2.83	2.08	0.154	3.44^b	2.56	0.053
Vermont	3.84	3.73	0.849	1.93^a	0.96	0.003	7.46	6.15	0.253	3.46	3.59	0.860	4.03	3.97	0.933
Virginia	3.63^b	2.89	0.077	1.91^a	0.83	0.000	7.85^a	5.01	0.002	3.12	2.78	0.527	3.81	3.10	0.127
Washington	3.48^b	2.64	0.051	2.07^a	0.93	0.000	7.44^a	5.21	0.027	3.02	2.42	0.270	3.63^b	2.81	0.086
West Virginia	3.37	2.70	0.161	2.03^a	0.96	0.001	6.62	5.05	0.106	3.04	2.53	0.383	3.50	2.85	0.222
Wisconsin	3.62	2.88	0.116	2.12^a	0.98	0.000	8.25^a	5.68	0.018	3.03	2.65	0.514	3.78	3.08	0.177
Wyoming	3.48	3.35	0.785	2.50^a	1.06	0.000	7.93	6.71	0.303	2.81	3.05	0.685	3.58	3.58	0.999

150806

Table 11 – Serious Mental Illness in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Serious mental illness (SMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). SMI includes individuals with diagnoses resulting in serious functional impairment. For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012 and October 2013).
Total U.S.	3.70^a	4.05	0.006	3.55^a	4.92	0.000	3.72	3.91	0.214
Northeast	3.64	3.94	0.199	3.65^a	5.15	0.000	3.64	3.74	0.712
Midwest	4.00	4.36	0.101	3.79^a	5.33	0.000	4.04	4.19	0.530
South	3.59^a	4.00	0.027	3.28^a	4.54	0.000	3.64	3.91	0.198
West	3.63	3.96	0.151	3.66^a	4.98	0.000	3.62	3.78	0.549
Alabama	3.57^b	4.64	0.070	3.44^a	4.97	0.029	3.59	4.59	0.143
Alaska	3.49	4.02	0.323	3.11^a	5.75	0.001	3.56	3.69	0.830
Arizona	3.84	4.33	0.408	3.72^b	5.06	0.073	3.86	4.21	0.605
Arkansas	4.74	5.27	0.449	3.99	5.16	0.125	4.86	5.29	0.593
California	3.20	3.53	0.344	3.62^b	4.47	0.076	3.12	3.36	0.548
Colorado	4.65	4.27	0.554	3.67^a	5.27	0.035	4.81	4.10	0.323
Connecticut	3.52	3.46	0.912	3.53^a	5.01	0.050	3.51	3.21	0.599
Delaware	3.55	3.75	0.700	3.49^a	5.03	0.039	3.56	3.55	0.987
District of Columbia	3.06	3.63	0.254	3.00^a	4.70	0.014	3.07	3.41	0.562
Florida	3.64	3.61	0.953	3.39^b	4.33	0.052	3.67	3.51	0.713
Georgia	3.39	3.99	0.278	2.78^a	4.12	0.031	3.49	3.96	0.450
Hawaii	3.11	3.59	0.380	3.89	4.34	0.581	2.98	3.48	0.425
Idaho	4.75	4.57	0.774	3.74^a	5.64	0.016	4.93	4.38	0.450
Illinois	3.62	3.53	0.818	3.51^b	4.50	0.063	3.64	3.37	0.536
Indiana	4.71	4.81	0.884	4.02^a	5.71	0.038	4.82	4.65	0.821
Iowa	3.83	4.15	0.556	3.76^b	5.25	0.052	3.84	3.96	0.851
Kansas	3.51	4.08	0.313	3.78	4.97	0.112	3.46	3.91	0.478
Kentucky	4.18	5.08	0.184	3.42^a	4.93	0.035	4.30	5.11	0.295
Louisiana	3.59^b	4.53	0.094	3.49	4.60	0.103	3.61	4.51	0.161
Maine	4.00	5.06	0.111	4.33	5.39	0.197	3.95	5.01	0.154
Maryland	3.28	3.05	0.625	3.46^b	4.66	0.092	3.25	2.79	0.387
Massachusetts	3.73	3.86	0.818	3.21^a	5.09	0.010	3.82	3.64	0.771
Michigan	3.98	4.33	0.413	4.12^a	5.39	0.027	3.96	4.15	0.694
Minnesota	4.37	4.33	0.959	3.84^a	5.45	0.040	4.46	4.15	0.668
Mississippi	3.43	4.14	0.225	2.99	3.92	0.156	3.51	4.17	0.320
Missouri	4.09	4.68	0.346	3.58^a	5.56	0.008	4.18	4.53	0.617
Montana	3.95^b	5.19	0.057	3.98^a	5.73	0.027	3.95	5.10	0.119
Nebraska	3.57	4.43	0.124	3.59^a	5.69	0.008	3.57	4.21	0.316
Nevada	4.37	4.41	0.946	3.81^b	5.38	0.052	4.45	4.26	0.802
New Hampshire	3.75^a	5.42	0.012	3.98^a	7.55	0.000	3.72^b	5.08	0.063
New Jersey	3.35	3.62	0.593	3.77^a	5.49	0.020	3.29	3.34	0.931
New Mexico	3.45^b	4.47	0.085	3.61	4.46	0.230	3.42	4.47	0.121
New York	3.84	3.90	0.879	3.80^b	4.75	0.064	3.85	3.76	0.838
North Carolina	3.63^b	4.67	0.079	3.02^a	4.49	0.022	3.73	4.70	0.150
North Dakota	3.25	3.90	0.177	3.36^a	5.18	0.014	3.23	3.61	0.491
Ohio	4.10^a	5.22	0.018	3.69^a	5.94	0.000	4.17^b	5.10	0.082
Oklahoma	3.97	4.33	0.549	4.07	5.02	0.240	3.95	4.20	0.707
Oregon	4.23	4.73	0.452	3.82^a	6.81	0.000	4.30	4.40	0.882
Pennsylvania	3.31^b	4.01	0.078	3.43^a	5.39	0.000	3.29	3.79	0.269
Rhode Island	5.38	4.51	0.247	4.29	5.13	0.334	5.58	4.39	0.167
South Carolina	3.57	4.08	0.367	3.26^a	4.68	0.044	3.62	3.98	0.570
South Dakota	3.19^b	4.13	0.072	3.44^b	4.83	0.055	3.14	4.00	0.150
Tennessee	3.80	4.36	0.358	3.25^a	4.82	0.025	3.89	4.29	0.558
Texas	3.33	3.34	0.961	3.08^a	4.22	0.014	3.37	3.18	0.630
Utah	4.64	4.55	0.878	3.78^a	6.12	0.005	4.86	4.19	0.335
Vermont	3.78^b	4.88	0.097	3.97^b	5.32	0.094	3.75	4.80	0.165
Virginia	3.34^a	4.45	0.041	3.55^a	5.32	0.014	3.30	4.30	0.104
Washington	3.78	4.43	0.257	3.55^a	5.85	0.003	3.82	4.21	0.543
West Virginia	4.87	5.41	0.487	3.66^a	5.30	0.035	5.04	5.43	0.660
Wisconsin	4.12	3.99	0.822	4.16	5.28	0.166	4.11	3.77	0.608
Wyoming	4.20	4.41	0.735	3.49^a	5.76	0.003	4.32	4.18	0.831

150806

Table 12 – Any Mental Illness in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Any mental illness (AMI) is defined as having a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder, other than a developmental or substance use disorder, assessed by the Mental Health Surveillance Study (MHSS) Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—Fourth Edition—Research Version—Axis I Disorders (MHSS-SCID), which is based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Three categories of mental illness severity are defined based on the level of functional impairment: mild mental illness, moderate mental illness, and serious mental illness. Any mental illness includes individuals in any of the three categories. For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012 and October 2013).
Total U.S.	17.92	18.01	0.764	18.25^a	20.89	0.000	17.86	17.52	0.272
Northeast	18.18	17.76	0.430	18.61^a	22.00	0.000	18.10^b	17.07	0.084
Midwest	18.36	18.34	0.965	19.22^a	21.43	0.000	18.21	17.81	0.430
South	17.33	17.82	0.240	17.06^a	19.31	0.000	17.38	17.57	0.682
West	18.23	18.18	0.929	18.88^a	22.03	0.000	18.12	17.51	0.337
Alabama	17.44	18.85	0.300	16.53	18.78	0.195	17.59	18.86	0.412
Alaska	16.72	18.11	0.291	15.79^a	24.93	0.000	16.90	16.80	0.947
Arizona	17.15	18.32	0.407	18.31	19.58	0.503	16.95	18.10	0.474
Arkansas	19.60	19.77	0.907	19.89	21.50	0.405	19.55	19.48	0.967
California	17.44	17.04	0.635	18.49^b	20.70	0.054	17.23	16.38	0.366
Colorado	18.95	19.55	0.682	17.74^a	24.26	0.001	19.15	18.75	0.809
Connecticut	17.87	17.42	0.751	19.35	21.34	0.317	17.64	16.78	0.595
Delaware	17.75	18.51	0.596	18.41	20.97	0.178	17.64	18.11	0.770
District of Columbia	17.99	17.95	0.980	17.44	19.31	0.318	18.12	17.67	0.772
Florida	16.99	16.77	0.808	16.69^a	19.01	0.042	17.03	16.44	0.565
Georgia	16.50	17.42	0.462	16.16^a	19.90	0.025	16.56	16.99	0.762
Hawaii	17.52	15.91	0.230	19.54	20.03	0.812	17.20	15.28	0.199
Idaho	19.51	20.41	0.521	19.37^a	23.90	0.020	19.54	19.82	0.861
Illinois	16.68	16.16	0.559	17.19	19.03	0.136	16.59	15.68	0.372
Indiana	20.37	20.56	0.897	20.62^b	24.31	0.068	20.33	19.90	0.801
Iowa	17.23	17.10	0.923	18.24	19.27	0.581	17.05	16.72	0.816
Kansas	17.24	17.52	0.837	17.89	19.19	0.501	17.13	17.22	0.952
Kentucky	19.23	21.30	0.175	17.78	19.78	0.281	19.46	21.55	0.223
Louisiana	17.46	18.42	0.481	16.81	17.30	0.777	17.59	18.62	0.510
Maine	19.25	19.16	0.952	19.59^b	23.21	0.081	19.20	18.61	0.718
Maryland	16.86	16.62	0.856	17.72^b	21.14	0.078	16.72	15.89	0.585
Massachusetts	18.01	18.99	0.483	18.31^b	21.81	0.075	17.95	18.50	0.729
Michigan	18.63	18.07	0.546	19.81^b	22.10	0.070	18.43	17.38	0.318
Minnesota	18.94	18.78	0.910	19.72	22.58	0.143	18.81	18.17	0.680
Mississippi	16.95	17.95	0.475	17.28	16.41	0.624	16.89	18.23	0.400
Missouri	19.11	17.99	0.431	21.43	20.97	0.821	18.72	17.49	0.436
Montana	19.18	19.97	0.592	19.20^a	24.13	0.013	19.17	19.28	0.948
Nebraska	17.56	18.19	0.637	17.25	20.00	0.149	17.63	17.87	0.872
Nevada	20.59^b	17.91	0.074	20.46	20.74	0.893	20.60^b	17.48	0.061
New Hampshire	18.35^a	21.67	0.023	19.88^a	28.01	0.000	18.11	20.68	0.115
New Jersey	17.65	16.19	0.273	18.52	20.62	0.224	17.51	15.52	0.181
New Mexico	17.85	19.93	0.162	18.04^b	21.26	0.096	17.82	19.70	0.267
New York	18.35	17.22	0.205	18.27^a	22.30	0.002	18.37^a	16.36	0.047
North Carolina	17.74	19.48	0.188	16.43^a	20.92	0.008	17.95	19.24	0.389
North Dakota	15.46	16.78	0.283	15.32^a	21.85	0.000	15.50	15.65	0.918
Ohio	18.41^b	20.20	0.070	18.75^a	22.49	0.004	18.36	19.82	0.186
Oklahoma	20.33	19.18	0.445	20.56	20.58	0.995	20.28	18.93	0.427
Oregon	19.55	21.47	0.205	20.51^a	27.21	0.001	19.40	20.59	0.484
Pennsylvania	17.83	18.21	0.695	18.55^a	21.89	0.012	17.71	17.62	0.935
Rhode Island	23.53^b	20.50	0.073	22.77	22.01	0.739	23.67^b	20.22	0.073
South Carolina	16.95	17.52	0.682	16.99	18.89	0.309	16.94	17.29	0.821
South Dakota	16.40	17.57	0.376	16.94^a	20.90	0.027	16.31	16.99	0.651
Tennessee	19.12	19.85	0.623	17.43	20.40	0.108	19.38	19.76	0.819
Texas	16.47	15.98	0.561	16.11	17.92	0.112	16.54	15.63	0.340
Utah	21.78	20.48	0.360	21.53	24.06	0.239	21.85	19.66	0.186
Vermont	18.66	20.27	0.273	19.42^b	23.37	0.055	18.53	19.73	0.469
Virginia	16.33^a	19.18	0.027	18.33	20.56	0.214	15.99^a	18.94	0.041
Washington	19.85	19.68	0.908	20.00^a	26.63	0.002	19.82	18.56	0.445
West Virginia	20.00	20.89	0.573	21.21	20.88	0.871	19.83	20.89	0.545
Wisconsin	19.96	18.75	0.410	22.43	22.42	0.994	19.55	18.15	0.397
Wyoming	20.24	19.51	0.618	20.38	23.37	0.136	20.22	18.85	0.410

150806

Table 13 – Had Serious Thoughts of Suicide in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Respondents were asked, "At any time in the past 12 months, did you seriously think about trying to kill yourself?" If they answered "Yes," they were categorized as having serious thoughts of suicide in the past year. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	3.73^a	3.99	0.032	6.42^a	7.88	0.000	3.26	3.34	0.585
Northeast	3.73	3.93	0.349	6.64^a	8.15	0.000	3.24	3.24	0.997
Midwest	4.10	4.14	0.843	6.79^a	8.08	0.000	3.64	3.48	0.436
South	3.41^a	3.86	0.008	5.91^a	7.40	0.000	2.99	3.27	0.138
West	3.87	4.12	0.257	6.66^a	8.25	0.000	3.36	3.41	0.865
Alabama	3.73	4.02	0.606	6.42	7.76	0.179	3.28	3.40	0.850
Alaska	3.76	4.68	0.104	6.00^a	9.97	0.001	3.34	3.66	0.595
Arizona	3.98	4.34	0.544	6.60	8.06	0.171	3.54	3.70	0.805
Arkansas	4.11	4.41	0.600	6.67	7.43	0.448	3.69	3.90	0.742
California	3.39	3.80	0.198	6.53^b	7.68	0.081	2.79	3.11	0.375
Colorado	4.30	4.47	0.777	6.14^a	8.56	0.019	4.00	3.78	0.742
Connecticut	3.95	3.49	0.390	6.61	7.59	0.338	3.53	2.82	0.227
Delaware	3.02^a	4.03	0.048	6.09^a	8.33	0.028	2.51	3.34	0.135
District of Columbia	4.47	4.18	0.632	5.73	7.26	0.104	4.18	3.54	0.344
Florida	3.54	3.59	0.893	6.10^b	7.33	0.069	3.16	3.04	0.774
Georgia	2.80^a	4.03	0.007	5.26^b	6.92	0.060	2.38^a	3.53	0.024
Hawaii	3.81	3.88	0.904	7.53	7.96	0.719	3.21	3.25	0.955
Idaho	4.76	4.39	0.526	7.07	8.05	0.367	4.35	3.76	0.373
Illinois	4.28	3.89	0.349	6.31^b	7.58	0.081	3.91	3.27	0.167
Indiana	4.21	4.17	0.936	6.56	8.03	0.145	3.82	3.49	0.591
Iowa	4.01	3.93	0.874	6.44	8.13	0.104	3.59	3.18	0.480
Kansas	3.60	4.14	0.291	6.42	7.91	0.149	3.07	3.45	0.506
Kentucky	3.96	4.66	0.247	6.28	7.89	0.102	3.60	4.12	0.443
Louisiana	3.11^a	4.19	0.035	5.84	7.37	0.114	2.58^b	3.63	0.065
Maine	4.56	4.10	0.455	7.07	8.02	0.378	4.21	3.57	0.334
Maryland	3.41	3.65	0.624	6.51	7.74	0.236	2.89	3.00	0.831
Massachusetts	3.93	3.88	0.925	5.99^b	7.62	0.090	3.57	3.23	0.581
Michigan	4.26	4.14	0.753	7.67	8.35	0.386	3.69	3.41	0.545
Minnesota	3.67	4.07	0.448	6.59	8.21	0.120	3.18	3.41	0.687
Mississippi	3.29^b	4.13	0.095	6.35	6.97	0.513	2.72	3.62	0.118
Missouri	3.87	3.92	0.934	6.34	7.67	0.174	3.47	3.29	0.772
Montana	4.35	4.95	0.353	6.85^a	8.96	0.043	3.93	4.29	0.624
Nebraska	3.91	4.18	0.614	6.04^a	8.27	0.025	3.51	3.45	0.919
Nevada	4.41	4.45	0.956	6.71^b	8.56	0.094	4.07	3.82	0.727
New Hampshire	3.40^a	4.94	0.008	6.82^a	10.56	0.002	2.88^b	4.06	0.064
New Jersey	3.28	3.78	0.291	6.97	8.10	0.257	2.71	3.13	0.420
New Mexico	4.15	4.08	0.904	6.85	7.93	0.318	3.65	3.42	0.726
New York	3.82	3.85	0.929	6.62^b	8.00	0.066	3.32	3.15	0.694
North Carolina	3.55	4.20	0.216	5.80^b	7.28	0.097	3.18	3.69	0.385
North Dakota	3.56	3.95	0.425	5.39^a	8.01	0.007	3.14	3.04	0.845
Ohio	4.25	4.64	0.382	6.90^a	8.52	0.041	3.82	4.01	0.698
Oklahoma	3.53	3.97	0.406	6.31	7.74	0.162	3.02	3.31	0.629
Oregon	4.43	4.37	0.931	6.64^a	10.09	0.002	4.08	3.49	0.383
Pennsylvania	3.52	4.10	0.118	6.73^a	8.64	0.014	2.99	3.38	0.347
Rhode Island	5.11	4.42	0.320	6.79	8.62	0.101	4.79	3.65	0.136
South Carolina	3.51	3.73	0.676	6.21	6.87	0.484	3.07	3.21	0.805
South Dakota	4.23	3.66	0.281	7.18	7.33	0.883	3.70	3.02	0.248
Tennessee	3.26^a	4.26	0.049	5.64^a	7.59	0.037	2.90	3.72	0.147
Texas	3.27	3.46	0.557	5.42^a	7.28	0.004	2.86	2.76	0.780
Utah	5.39	5.25	0.841	7.49^a	9.95	0.047	4.85	4.18	0.370
Vermont	4.49	4.59	0.872	7.04	7.94	0.400	4.07	4.01	0.929
Virginia	3.31	3.94	0.169	6.25^b	8.06	0.061	2.80	3.25	0.374
Washington	4.56	4.54	0.983	7.18^a	9.49	0.042	4.14	3.75	0.579
West Virginia	4.29	4.23	0.922	7.28	7.69	0.712	3.86	3.71	0.828
Wisconsin	4.05	4.18	0.802	7.90	8.30	0.716	3.40	3.50	0.862
Wyoming	4.52	4.14	0.514	6.32^a	8.37	0.047	4.20	3.42	0.225

150806

Table 14 – Major Depressive Episode in the Past Year, by Age Group and State: Percentages, Annual Averages, and P Values from Tests of Differences between Percentages, 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 NSDUHs
State	18+ (2008-2009)	18+ (2014-2015)	18+ (P Value)	12-17 (2008-2009)	12-17 (2014-2015)	12-17 (P Value)	18-25 (2008-2009)	18-25 (2014-2015)	18-25 (P Value)	26+ (2008-2009)	26+ (2014-2015)	26+ (P Value)
NOTE: State and census region estimates are based on a survey-weighted hierarchical Bayes estimation approach, with their p values being the Bayes significance levels for the null hypothesis of no change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages. The "Total U.S." estimates, along with the p values, are based on design-based (direct) estimation methods. NOTE: Major depressive episode (MDE) is defined as in the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), which specifies a period of at least 2 weeks when an individual experienced a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities and had a majority of specified depression symptoms. For details, see Section B of the "2011-2012 NSDUH: Guide to State Tables and Summary of Small Area Estimation Methodology" at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/. NOTE: There are minor wording differences in the questions in the adult and adolescent MDE modules. Therefore, data from youths aged 12 to 17 were not combined with data from adults aged 18 or older to produce an estimate for those aged 12 or older. ^a Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.05 level. ^b Difference between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 population percentages is statistically significant at the 0.10 level. Source: SAMHSA, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (2008 and 2009 Data – Revised March 2012).
Total U.S.	6.53	6.64	0.519	8.22^a	11.93	0.000	8.21^a	9.79	0.000	6.24	6.11	0.474
Northeast	6.42	6.82	0.192	7.92^a	11.68	0.000	8.06^a	10.56	0.000	6.15	6.21	0.858
Midwest	6.72	6.87	0.530	8.35^a	12.12	0.000	8.50^a	10.23	0.000	6.41	6.31	0.723
South	6.44	6.52	0.730	8.07^a	11.51	0.000	7.79^a	9.09	0.000	6.22	6.09	0.648
West	6.57	6.47	0.740	8.53^a	12.59	0.000	8.67^a	9.94	0.014	6.19	5.87	0.335
Alabama	6.35	6.81	0.556	7.99^a	10.97	0.015	7.35	8.61	0.277	6.19	6.51	0.712
Alaska	5.86	6.73	0.259	7.70^a	12.40	0.000	7.31^a	11.68	0.002	5.59	5.77	0.827
Arizona	6.94	6.77	0.842	8.99^a	13.20	0.003	8.88	8.46	0.747	6.61	6.48	0.893
Arkansas	7.86	7.78	0.935	9.03^a	12.72	0.005	8.98	10.27	0.335	7.67	7.36	0.766
California	6.05	5.90	0.730	8.14^a	12.28	0.000	8.50	9.57	0.168	5.58	5.24	0.493
Colorado	7.56	7.25	0.724	9.16^a	13.73	0.001	8.40	10.47	0.120	7.41	6.71	0.467
Connecticut	5.95	6.77	0.282	8.03^a	11.49	0.007	8.11^b	10.28	0.098	5.61	6.21	0.473
Delaware	6.43	6.39	0.957	7.86^a	11.47	0.003	8.55	9.88	0.291	6.08	5.83	0.775
District of Columbia	5.93	6.60	0.348	6.93^a	9.96	0.017	7.39^a	9.92	0.049	5.60	5.91	0.702
Florida	6.40	5.95	0.395	8.53^a	11.88	0.000	7.93	8.84	0.244	6.17	5.53	0.277
Georgia	6.26	6.43	0.815	7.88^a	10.08	0.049	7.65	9.10	0.187	6.02	5.96	0.944
Hawaii	6.15	5.65	0.530	8.08	9.87	0.197	8.68	8.31	0.788	5.74	5.24	0.567
Idaho	7.47	7.14	0.682	8.90^a	13.03	0.004	9.19	10.94	0.188	7.16	6.49	0.451
Illinois	6.17	5.98	0.709	7.48^a	11.20	0.000	7.93	9.06	0.193	5.85	5.46	0.506
Indiana	8.14	7.89	0.784	9.25^a	14.64	0.000	8.51^a	12.01	0.012	8.08	7.16	0.374
Iowa	5.87	6.41	0.453	8.07^a	11.87	0.003	7.75	8.95	0.326	5.54	5.96	0.604
Kansas	6.61	7.01	0.625	8.58^a	11.18	0.043	8.38	9.83	0.255	6.29	6.49	0.820
Kentucky	7.14	7.60	0.597	8.42^a	11.05	0.037	7.98^b	10.31	0.061	7.00	7.15	0.883
Louisiana	5.75	6.83	0.158	7.67^a	11.00	0.008	6.97	8.42	0.201	5.51	6.55	0.236
Maine	6.81	7.88	0.209	8.08^a	12.51	0.001	8.78^a	12.13	0.018	6.53	7.30	0.414
Maryland	6.17	6.02	0.844	7.31^a	11.03	0.003	8.18	10.21	0.126	5.83	5.36	0.569
Massachusetts	6.77	7.29	0.514	8.03^a	12.37	0.001	8.51^a	11.29	0.036	6.47	6.59	0.888
Michigan	6.65	6.57	0.875	8.21^a	11.80	0.000	9.15	10.37	0.179	6.23	5.92	0.599
Minnesota	7.55	7.36	0.826	8.60^a	12.55	0.002	8.87	9.83	0.463	7.33	6.97	0.712
Mississippi	5.80	5.88	0.916	7.26^a	11.08	0.002	6.60	8.02	0.198	5.66	5.49	0.834
Missouri	7.03	6.62	0.611	8.91^a	11.49	0.041	9.15	9.67	0.693	6.68	6.11	0.527
Montana	6.76	6.92	0.839	9.07^b	11.42	0.078	8.85	9.29	0.718	6.41	6.53	0.895
Nebraska	6.31	7.21	0.243	8.20^a	12.25	0.002	7.59^a	10.84	0.011	6.07	6.56	0.574
Nevada	6.88	6.93	0.958	7.38^a	13.94	0.000	8.89	9.65	0.558	6.58	6.51	0.937
New Hampshire	7.61	8.71	0.244	8.80^a	13.43	0.001	8.88^a	13.21	0.004	7.41	8.00	0.575
New Jersey	5.98	6.47	0.496	7.35^a	10.32	0.008	8.12^b	10.18	0.075	5.65	5.91	0.742
New Mexico	6.47	6.59	0.880	8.95^b	11.50	0.055	8.56	8.59	0.986	6.08	6.25	0.854
New York	6.64	6.52	0.812	8.22^a	11.92	0.000	7.84^a	10.12	0.008	6.42	5.91	0.365
North Carolina	6.85	7.47	0.429	8.43^a	12.35	0.001	8.07	9.62	0.177	6.65	7.12	0.596
North Dakota	6.26	6.37	0.877	9.03	10.47	0.250	7.21^b	9.47	0.058	6.05	5.68	0.654
Ohio	6.18^a	7.74	0.005	8.31^a	11.85	0.000	8.16^a	11.18	0.001	5.85^a	7.19	0.032
Oklahoma	7.40	6.83	0.494	8.04^a	12.57	0.001	9.47	9.45	0.992	7.03	6.36	0.482
Oregon	7.44	7.51	0.929	10.18^a	14.33	0.006	9.83	11.61	0.208	7.07	6.88	0.848
Pennsylvania	5.92^b	6.89	0.083	7.54^a	11.64	0.000	7.64^a	10.83	0.000	5.64	6.26	0.312
Rhode Island	9.34^a	7.08	0.025	9.35^a	13.03	0.014	10.87	9.81	0.493	9.05^a	6.57	0.029
South Carolina	7.02	6.48	0.491	8.90^b	10.96	0.091	8.43	8.67	0.843	6.79	6.12	0.449
South Dakota	5.71	6.11	0.575	8.47	9.90	0.275	6.90^a	9.25	0.047	5.50	5.56	0.940
Tennessee	6.83	6.97	0.866	8.53^b	10.92	0.062	7.19^a	9.58	0.043	6.78	6.54	0.793
Texas	5.97	5.68	0.533	7.49^a	11.53	0.000	7.25	8.15	0.229	5.73	5.23	0.339
Utah	7.51	7.02	0.525	8.43^a	11.97	0.005	8.37	10.21	0.143	7.29	6.29	0.257
Vermont	6.52^b	7.93	0.094	8.10^a	12.06	0.002	9.43	10.45	0.455	6.04	7.49	0.128
Virginia	6.30^a	7.93	0.038	8.78^a	12.47	0.004	8.57^b	10.58	0.100	5.92^b	7.49	0.076
Washington	7.19	7.50	0.714	9.39^a	12.54	0.023	9.07^a	12.52	0.020	6.88	6.70	0.844
West Virginia	7.77	8.29	0.590	8.39^a	13.26	0.000	8.81	10.61	0.199	7.62	7.95	0.764
Wisconsin	7.28	6.56	0.365	8.83^a	13.64	0.001	9.55	10.61	0.430	6.89	5.89	0.258
Wyoming	7.37	7.51	0.867	8.50^a	13.31	0.000	9.50	10.80	0.351	6.99	6.95	0.966

Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis
of No Change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages

Estimating P Values

To determine whether the differences between the 2008-2009¹ and 2014-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) state prevalence rates are statistically significant, let pi 1 sub s and a and pi 2 sub s and a denote the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 prevalence rates, respectively, for state-s and age group-a. The difference between and is defined in terms of the log odds ratio ( lor sub s and a ) as opposed to the simple difference because the posterior distribution of is closer to Gaussian than the posterior distribution of the simple difference ( Pi 2 sub s and a minus pi 1 sub s and a represents the simple difference between the 2014-2015 and 2008-2009 prevalence rates. ). The lor sub s and a is defined as follows:

Equation 1 . D

In this equation, the ln denotes the natural logarithm. The p value given in each of the tables in this document (i.e., Tables 1 to 14) is computed to test the null hypothesis of no change (i.e., Pi 2 sub s and a is equal to pi 1 sub s and a. or equivalently, Log-odds ratio, lor sub s and a, is equal to zero. ). An estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor sub s and a is given by

Equation 2 , D

where p 1 sub s and a are the previously published 2008-2009 state estimates² and p 2 sub s and a are the 2014-2015 state estimates presented in Tables 1 to 14 and elsewhere at http://www.samhsa.gov/data/. To compute the variance of the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a , that is, variance v of the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a , let Theta 1 hat equal the ratio of p 1 sub s and a and 1 minus p 1 sub s and a and Theta 2 hat equal the ratio of p 2 sub s and a and 1 minus p 2 sub s and a , then

Equation 3 , D

where the covariance between the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and the natural logarithm of Theta 2 hat denotes the covariance between and . This covariance is defined in terms of the associated correlation as follows:

Equation 4 . D

Note that the variance v of the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and used here to calculate the variance v of the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a are the same variances used in calculating the previously published 2008-2009 Bayesian confidence intervals and the 2014-2015 Bayesian confidence intervals given here, respectively. The correlation between the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and is estimated using generalized correlations,³ which are described in detail in the next section.

To calculate the p value for testing the null hypothesis of no difference ( Log-odds ratio lor is equal to zero. ) between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 state estimates, it is assumed that the posterior distribution of is normal with Mean is equal to the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a. and Variance is equal to the variance v of the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a. . With the null value of ( Log-odds ratio lor is equal to zero. ), the Bayes p value or significance level for the null hypothesis of no difference is The p value is equal to 2 times the probability of realizing a standard normal variate greater than or equal to the absolute value of a quantity z. , where capital Z is a standard normal random variate, Quantity z is the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a, divided by the square root of the variance v of the estimate of the log-odds ratio, lor hat sub s and a. , and absolute value of quantity z denotes the absolute value of . This Bayesian significance level (or p value) for the null value of log-odds ratio lor , say log-odds ratio lor sub zero , is defined following Rubin⁴ as the posterior probability for the collection of the values that are less likely or have smaller posterior density d of the log-odds ratio lor than the null (no change) value . That is, The p value of log-odds ratio lor sub zero is equal to the probability of d of the log-odds ratio lor when it is less than or equal to d of the log-odds ratio lor sub zero. . With the posterior distribution of approximately normal, is given by the above expression.

Estimating Generalized Correlations

The correlation between the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and for each substance use outcome measure by state by age group combination was estimated by taking the average of seven correlations for each outcome measure by state by age group, as follows:

2002-2003 versus 2007-2008,
2002-2003 versus 2008-2009,
two sets of 2002-2003 versus 2009-2010,⁵
2002-2003 versus 2010-2011,
2002-2003 versus 2012-2013, and
2002-2003 versus 2013-2014.

The average of these seven correlations is henceforth referred to as a "generalized correlation."

The generalized correlation between the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and for any mental illness (AMI), serious mental illness (SMI), and suicidal thoughts by state and age group was estimated by taking the average of six correlations for each outcome by state by age group, as follows:

2008-2009 versus 2010-2011,
2008-2009 versus 2011-2012,
2008-2009 versus 2012-2013,
2009-2010 versus 2011 2012,
2009-2010 versus 2012-2013, and
2010-2011 versus 2012-2013.

The generalized correlation between the natural logarithm of Theta 1 hat and for the fourth mental health measure—major depressive episode (MDE)—was estimated by taking the average of eight correlations for each outcome by age group by state, as follows:

2005-2006 versus 2007-2008,
2005-2006 versus 2008-2009,
2005-2006 versus 2009-2010,
2005-2006 versus 2010 2011,
2005-2006 versus 2011-2012,
2005-2006 versus 2012-2013,
2006-2007 versus 2009-2010, and
2008-2009 versus 2010-2011.

Each of these individual sets of correlations was produced by simultaneously fitting 4 years of NSDUH data separately for each outcome measure. For example, to produce correlations between the 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 state estimates for past month marijuana use, four age groups (12 to 17, 18 to 25, 26 to 34, and 35 or older) by two time periods (2002-2003 and 2007-2008), that is, eight subpopulation-specific models, were fitted each with its own set of fixed and random effects. In this case, the general covariance matrices for the state and within-state random effects were 8 × 8 matrices corresponding to the eight element (age group × time period) vectors of random effects.

A study was conducted using 2002-2003 versus 2007-2008 data and 2002-2003 versus 2008-2009 data.⁶ When the actual (modeled) correlation was replaced by an average correlation of those 2 years, the p values of testing differences between estimates from both sets of comparisons were fairly similar. In most cases, they had the same conclusion of whether the test between 2002-2003 and 2007-2008 and the test between 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 was statistically significant or not. Only a few tests changed their significance⁷ depending on which correlation (actual or the average) was used. For all of these cases where significance changed, the p values were close to 0.05 (i.e., borderline cases). Given these results, it was decided, starting in 2014-2015, that generalized correlations could be used to estimate long-term change.

National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Comparison of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages
(50 States and the District of Columbia)

Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis
of No Change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages

Estimating P Values

Estimating Generalized Correlations

Endnotes

Long Descriptions for Equations

National Survey on Drug Use and Health:Comparison of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages(50 States and the District of Columbia)

Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesisof No Change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages

Estimating P Values

Estimating Generalized Correlations

Endnotes

Long Descriptions for Equations

National Survey on Drug Use and Health:
Comparison of 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages
(50 States and the District of Columbia)

Methodology Used to Estimate the Bayes Significance Level for the Null Hypothesis
of No Change between the 2008-2009 and 2014-2015 Population Percentages